Participant, noun (participants)
actor, partaker, participator, party, sharer
For example, the participants in an activity are the people who take part in it.
The speaker gave all participants an opportunity to voice their opinions.
Instrument, noun (instruments)
implement, tool, utensil
For example, a musical instrument is an object such as a piano, guitar, or flute, which you
play in order to produce music.
Learning a musical instrument introduces a child to an understanding of music.
Make a point, verb phrase
For example, to make a point is to give a fact, idea, or opinion.
One person is making a point to the others.
Row, noun (rows)
line, file, queue, rank, string, tier
For example, a row of things or people is a number of them arranged in a line.
The men are arranging school desks and chairs into neat rows.
Neat, adjective (neater, neatest)
orderly, prim, shipshape, snug, spick-and-span, tidy, trim, uncluttered, well-groomed
For example, a neat object, part of the body, or shape is quite small and has a smooth
outline.
He folded his clothes in a neat pile on the chair.
Overpass, noun (overpasses)
For example, an overpass is a structure which carries one road over the top of another one.
The highway ends at the overpass.
Pull over, verb
For example, when a vehicle or driver pulls over, the vehicle moves closer to the side of the
road and stops there.
Some cars have pulled over to the side of the road.
Pile, noun (piles, piling, piled)
drift, heap, hill, mass, mound, mountain, mow, pyramid
For example, a pile of thing is a quantity of things that have been put neatly somewhere so
that each thing is on top of the one below.
There is a pile of boxes in the garage.
(verb) If you pile things somewhere, you put them there so that they form a pile.
He was piling clothes into the case.
Lean, verb (leans, leaning, leaned, leant)
For example, if you lean on or against someone or something, you rest against it so that it
partly supports your weight. If you lean an object on or against something, you place the
object so that it is partly supported by that thing.
She was feeling tired and was glad to lean against him.
(adjective) Lean can also mean to become thin or to lose weight.
After three weeks of long distance running and weight-lifting, she became very lean.
Mow, verb (mows, mowing, mowed, mown)
clip, crop, cut
For example, if you mow an area of grass, you cut it using a machine called lawn mower.
He continued to mow the lawn and do other routine chores.
Lawn, noun (lawns)
For example, a lawn is an area of grass that is kept cut short and is usually part of
someone’s garden or backyard, or part of a pack.
They were sitting on the lawn under a large beech tree.
Routine, noun (routines)
ordinary, everyday, plain, plain Jane, quotidian, unremarkable, usual, workaday
For example, you use routine to describe activities that are done as a normal part of a job
or process.
The operator has to be able to carry out routine maintenance of the machine.
Chore, noun (chores)
task, assignment, duty, job
For example, chores are tasks such as cleaning, washing, and ironing that have to be done
regularly at home.
My husband and I both go out to work, so we share the household chores.
Due, adjective (dues)
unpaid, mature, outstanding, overdue, owing, payable, unsettled
For example, if something is due at a particular time, it is expected to happen, be done, or
arrive at the time.
The rent is due at the end of the month.
Unlikely, adjective (unlikeliest)
improbable, doubtful, dubious, questionable
For example, if you say that something is unlikely to happen or unlikely to be true, you
believe that it will not happen or that it is not true, although you are not completely sure.
Would Ms. Wines be free to attend this meeting? It’s unlikely.
Tablet, noun (tablets)
For example, a tablet is a small round mass of medicine which you swallow.
It is never a good idea to take sleeping tablets regularly for this kind of wakefulness.
Swallow, verb (swallows, swallowing, swallowed)
down, take
For example, if you swallow something, you cause it go from your mouth down into your
stomach.
You are asked to swallow a capsule containing vitamin B.
Pharmacy, noun (pharmacies)
For example, a pharmacy is a department where medicines are sold or given.
Make sure you understand exactly how to take your medicines before you leave the
pharmacy.
Prospect, noun (prospects, prospecting, prospected)
vista, lookout, outlook, perspective
For example, if there is some prospect of something happening, there is a possibility that it
will happen.
What are my promotion prospects in this job?
In charge, prepositional phrase
For example, if you are in charge in a particular situation, you are the most senior person
and have control over something or someone.
Who’s in charge here?
Anniversary, noun (anniversaries)
For example, an anniversary is a date which is remembered or celebrated because a special
event happened on that date in a previous year.
Vietnam is celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Ho Chi Minh.
Lower, verb (lowers, lowering, lowered)
abate, bate, close, diminish, drain (away), dwindle, lessen, peak (out), peter (out), rebate,
recede, reduce, taper, taper off
For example, if you lower something, you make it less in amount, degree, value, or quality.
The central Bank has lowered interest rates by two percent.
Unanimous, adjective (unanimously)
agreed, agreeing, concordant, concurrent, harmonious
For example, when a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about something or all
vote for the same thing.
The people were unanimous in their condemnation of the proposals.
Editor, noun (editors)
For example, an editor is the person who is in charge of a newspaper or magazine and who
decides what will be published in each edition of it.
The Los Angeles Times newspaper will hire a new editor next month.
Condemnation, noun (condemnations)
For example, condemnation is the act of saying that something or someone is bad and
unacceptable.
There was widespread condemnation of Saturday’s killings.
Be on one’s own, verb phrase
For example, when you are on your own, you are alone.
Speaker A: “Who’s going to the overseas branch with you?”
Speaker B: “I’ll be on my own.”
Shipping, noun
direct, freight, export
For example, shipping is the transporting of cargo as a business, especially on ships.
The international shipping industry performs seventy-five percent of the world’s exports
and imports.
Valid, adjective
cogent, convincing, satisfactory, satisfying, solid, sound, telling
For example, if a ticket or other document is valid, it can be used and will be accepted by
people in authority.
How long is the warranty valid?
Basement, noun (basements)
base, bed, bottom, footing, foundation, ground, groundwork, substructure, understructure
For example, the basement of a building is a floor built partly or completely below ground
level.
They bought an old schoolhouse to live in and built a workshop in the basement.
Invoice, noun (invoices, invoicing, invoiced)
bill, account, reckoning, score, statement, tab
For example, an invoice is a document that lists goods that have been supplied or services
that have been done and says how much money you owe for them.
We will then send you an invoice for the total course fees.
Budget, noun (budgets, budgeting, budgeted)
aggregate, amount, bulk, quantity, quantum, total
For example, your budget is the amount of money that you have available to spend.
This year’s budget for AIDS prevention probably won’t be much higher.
Initiative, noun (initiatives)
enterprise, ambition, drive, get-up-and-go, push
For example, an initiative is an important act or statement that is intended to solve a
problem.
The Government initiative to help young people has been inadequate.
Revision, noun (revisions)
recession, redraft, review, revisal, revise
For example, to make a revision of something that is written or something that has been
decided means to make changes to it in order to improve it, make it more modern, or make
it more suitable for a particular purpose.
The government will also make a number of revisions to reflect better data since the
original figures were released.
Inadequate, adjective (inadequately)
defective, incomplete, insufficient, lacking, incomplete, wanting
For example, if something is inadequate, there is not enough of it or it is not good enough.
Supplies of food and medicines are inadequate.
Reflect, verb (reflects, reflecting, reflected)
think, cerebrate, cogitate, deliberate, reason, speculate
For example, if something reflects an attitude or situation, it shows that the attitude or
situation exists or it shows what it is like.
The low value of the dollar reflects growing concern about the U.S.
Ensure, verb (ensures, ensuring, ensured)
assure, cinch, insure, secure, make sure
For example, to ensure something, or to ensure that something happens, means to make
certain that it happens.
Ensure that it is written into your contract.
Reserve, noun (reserves)
backlog, hoard, inventory, nest egg, reservoir, stock, stockpile, store
For example, a reserve is a supply of something that is available for use when it is needed.
A friend can be a reserve of help in times of trouble.
Subcontractor, noun (subcontractors)
For example, a subcontractor is a person or firm that has a contract to do part of job which
another firm is responsible for.
The company was considered as a possible subcontractor to build the airplane.
Subject, verb (subjects, subjecting, subjected)
expose, lay (open), uncover
For example, if you subject someone to something unpleasant, you make him/her
experience it.
The budget proposal you wrote contains some excellent initiatives, but we made a few
revisions that would ensure we are not subjecting ourselves to unrealistic price
expectations from the subcontractors.
Contract, noun (contracts, contracting, contracted)
agreement, bargain, bond, compact, convention, covenant, pact, transaction
For example, a contract is a legal agreement, usually between two companies or between
an employer and employee which involves doing work for a stated sum of money.
The company won a prestigious contract for work on Europe’s tallest building.
Prestigious, adjective (prestige, prestigiously)
famous, celebrated, distinguished, eminent, famed, illustrious, notable, prominent,
renowned
For example, a prestigious institution, job, or activity is respected and admired by people.
It’s one of the best equipped and most prestigious schools in the country.
Equip, verb (equips, equipping, equipped)
furnish, accouter, appoint, arm, fit out, gear, outfit, rig, turn out
For example, if you equip a person or things with something, you give him/her the tools or
equipment that are needed.
Thanks to some endowments from some private companies, this laboratory is a
well- equipped research building.
Beating, noun (beatings)
defeat, debacle, licking, overthrow, rout, thrashing
For example, if someone is given a beating, he/she is hit hard many times, especially with
something such as a stick.
The team secured pictures of prisoners showing signs of severe beatings.
Abuse, noun (abuses, abusing, abused)
contumely, invective, obloquy, scurrility, vituperation
For example, abuse of something is cruel and violent treatment of it.
The police conducted an investigation of alleged child abuse.
Figure, noun (figures, figuring, figures)
chuffer, cipher, digit, integer, numeral, whole number
For example, a figure is a particular amount expressed as a number, especially a statistic.
It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country are
unemployed.
Submit, verb (submits, submitting, submitted)
bring, deliver, present, offer, proffer, tender, send in, provide
For example, if you submit a proposal, report, or request to someone, you formally send it
to him/her so that he/she can consider it or decide about it.
They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.
Draft, noun (drafts, drafting, drafted)
draw up, formulate, frame, make, prepare
For example, a draft is an early version of a letter, book, or speech.
If you recalculate some of the figures and submit another draft by tomorrow, you will
still be able to turn in the report by the deadline.
Allocation, noun (allocate, allocated, allocations)
For example, an allocation is an amount of something, especially money that is given to a
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