part two.
Illustrious (adjective)
widely known and esteemed
Adams revealed himself as a quintessential Puritan, patriarch of an illustrious family,
tough minded philosopher of the republic, sage, and sometimes a vain, stubborn, and
vitriolic partisan.
Immersion (noun)
the act of someone or something being absorbed or involved
The learning which occurs in the formal language classroom may be unlike the learning
which occurs during immersion, such that early instruction does not necessarily have
the advantage for ultimate performance that is held by early immersion.
Immortality (noun)
endless life after death
Alchemists searched for an elixir that would produce immortality.
Immune (adjective)
having a high degree of resistance to a disease
This "hygiene hypothesis" also holds that a healthy bacterial balance in the intestines is
especially important in the development of a mature immune system, and the use of
probiotic supplements like Lactobacillus GG can stimulate the growth of beneficial
bacteria in baby's stomach.
Impairment (noun)
an act, instance, or consequence of breaking
Multiple Personality Disorder is viewed by some as an extreme level of dissociation,
which may result in serious impairment or inability to function.
Impending (adjective)
about to occur at any moment
During the 19
th
century, a few writers who faced impending financial ruin went on to
write some of the greatest books of all time.
Imperceptible (adjective)
so small as to be undiscernible
Because of this shoaling effect, a tsunami, imperceptible at sea, may grow to be several
meters or more in height near the coast.
Imperfection (noun)
something that mars the appearance or causes inadequacy of failure
The fewer the imperfections found, the rarer and more valuable the diamond becomes.
Impetus (noun)
stimulation or encouragement resulting in increased activity
The growth of systematic archaeology in China resulted in numerous datable materials,
provided tremendous impetus to the study of Chinese art, with researchers and art
historians making great strides, discovering, confirming and re-constructing art in
China.
Implication (noun)
a subtle quality underlying or felt to underlie a situation or action
Johnson and Newport’s assertions have wide ranging implications for classroom
teaching.
Imply (verb)
to convey and idea by indirect, subtle means
Cooler stars are redder than hotter, bluer stars, implying that bluer stars must be
younger than redder stars.
Impose (verb)
to force another to accept a burden; to take advantage of unfairly
A speaker may try not to directly impose by asking for a pen. Instead he would rather it
be offered once the teacher realizes he needs one, and you are looking to find one.
Impression (noun)
an idea or thought derived or prompted by a natural tendency or impulse
The police officer got the impression to stop the car. Little did he know that he would
find more than 50 kilograms in marijuana?
In accordance with (prepositional phrase)
so as the state of individuals who are in utter agreement
The governor in accordance with the mayor of Los Angeles has decided to increase
taxes on its upper class citizens.
Inability (noun)
a lack of physical, mental, financial, or legal power to perform
Due to his inability to read fluently, I recommend that he retake his English Literature
class.
Inauguration (noun)
the act or process of formally admitting a person to membership or office
Angelou wrote and delivered a poem, "On The Pulse of the Morning," at the
inauguration for President Bill Clinton at his request.
Incarcerate (verb)
relating to one who is imprisoned
Because the U.S. prison population is overwhelmingly male, most incarcerated parents
are fathers.
Incentive (noun)
something that causes and encourages a given response
Aluminum has a high market value and continues to provide an economic incentive to
recycle.
Incessantly (adverb)
continuing or following without interruption
In spite of how mad it is, even though the global catch of most species is no longer
growing, the size and number of fishing boats, lines, nets, pots and traps continues to
expand incessantly.
Incidentally (adverb)
by chance
Incidentally, these 6,000 languages are not just a huge jumbled collection, but most of
them are related to other languages.
Incline (verb)
to move from true vertical or horizontal
Although the plane of the Moon's orbit about the Earth is inclined about 50, its equator
is inclined about 6.50, resulting in a 1.50 inclination of the Moon's spin axis to its
orbital plane around the Sun.
Inclusion (noun)
a solid, liquid, or gaseous body enclosed within a rock
In addition to internal inclusions, surface irregularities are referred to as blemishes.
Inclusive (adjective)
including everything; comprehensive
A family is the basic unit in society having as its nucleus two or more adults living
together and cooperating in the care and rearing of their own or adopted children.
Despite this all-inclusive definition, a lesbian or gay couple- with or without children-is
not the image conjured up when most people create a picture of a family.
Inconceivable (adjective)
not to be believed; difficult to imagine or fathom
It is inconceivable that Hitler and his regime were responsible for the deaths of more
than six million Jews.
In conjunction with (prepositional phrase)
so as with a combination of events or circumstances
In Oregon, a private land owner named Ned Livingston burned his acres of forest in
conjunction with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Klamath Lake
District of the Oregon Department of Forestry.
Inconsistent (adjective)
following no predictable pattern
The Ontario report found a probable link between firefighting and cancer even though
the evidence was inconsistent.
Increasingly (adverb)
progressively; more and more
Because to compete in the emerging global economy, city-states have no choice: they
must mobilize all their skills to protect their center cities, grow smarter, protect their air
and water, achieve more social equity, and train their workforce to excel in an
increasingly competitive world marketplace.
Incumbent (noun)
the holder of an office or ecclesiastical benefice
He lost a race in South Carolina for the only time in his career four years later, when he
challenged incumbent Sen. Olin Johnston for nomination.
Induction (noun)
the act of process of formally admitting a person to membership or office
The induction of Roger Staubach, a quarterback for Dallas Cowboys football franchise,
into the Hall of Fame was well-deserved.
Inedible (adjective)
not fit to be eaten
When humans learned to make fire, they had the means to cook plants which had
previously been inedible.
Inertia (noun)
a property of matter by which it remains at rest or in uniform motion in the same straight
line unless acted upon by some external force
In the case of the whale, the inertia of its dense ear bone may hold the bone still while
the whale vibrates around it.
Inevitable (adjective)
incapable of being avoided or evaded
Age took its inevitable toll on Thurmond as he neared retirement, and he was guided
through the Capitol in a wheelchair.
Infection (noun)
contamination of harmful organisms or extremely destructive or harmful matter
General causes for primary brain cancer can include a prior head injury, infections,
exposure to chemical toxins such as insecticides and fungicides and exposure to radiation
such as microwave or radio frequencies.
Infinite (adjective)
without beginning or end
Instead it oscillates increasingly rapidly, performing an infinite number of oscillations
in a finite time.
Inflammatory (adjective)
tending to cause an instance of irritating, as of a part of the body
It is amazing that even individuals who suffer from inflammatory bowel disease are
often unaware of how their digestive system really works.
Inflict (verb)
to cause to undergo or bear, as something unwelcome or damaging
Physical violence inflicted on others is an ever-growing epidemic in the United States.
Infrared (adjective)
situated outside the visible spectrum at its red end -- used of radiation having a wavelength
between about 700 nanometers and 1 millimeter
The key is the ability of remote-sensing devices to “see” energy in wavelengths not visible
to the human eye, for example infrared bands.
Infringe (verb)
an act in defiance of another person’s rights
In 1761, John Adams began to think and write and act against British measures that he
believed infringed on colonial liberties and the right of Massachusetts and the other
colonies to self government.
Ingenuity (noun)
skill or cleverness in devising or combining; inventiveness
Ingenuity can help get children walking safely, but in the end tax dollars are needed to
build speed bumps, extend curbs or install walk signs that indicate how many seconds
people have left to cross the street.
Ingredient (noun)
one of the individual entities contributing to a whole
Avalanches are formed by a combination of three things that together are known as the
"Avalanche Triangle." These three ingredients may be present in one location but
absent 10 feet away. The three legs of the triangle are snowpack, terrain, and weather.
Inhabitant (noun)
one who lives in a place for an extended period of time
Moon is essentially devoid of water, so no underground supplies could be used by lunar
inhabitants.
Inherit (verb)
to receive property from one who has died; to receive genetic characteristics from a parent
Another theory is the belief that these disorders can be inherited through family genes.
Initial (adjective)
at or near the start of a period, development, or series
There is a special critical initial strength such that the field cannot decide whether to
evaporate away or collapse to form a black hole.
Initiate (verb)
to go about the initial step in doing something
He was concerned with the load fuel in his forest and decided to thin it out before
initiating the burn.
Inject (verb)
to force or shoot in, such as a liquid
The venom of a rattlesnake is injected through fangs which fold back when the mouth is
closed.
Injurious (adjective)
causing harm or injury
In some cases, aggressive and/or self- injurious behavior may be present.
Innate (adjective)
possessed at birth; of or arising from the most basic structure of an individual.
It has been documented repeatedly that learners achieve better results depending on the
age at which they begin to learn a second language. I believe that there is an innate
age-related factor.
Innovation (noun)
a new unusual thing; inventiveness
Recently, many innovations in the medical field allow doctors to successfully treat
some diseases which were once terminal.
Insanity (noun)
serious mental illness or disorder impairing a person’s capacity to function normally
His all night and drug binging eventually led him to insanity.
Inscribe (verb)
to form letters, characters, or words on a surface with an instrument
The words “We will always remember you.” was inscribed onto his tombstone.
Insecticide (noun)
a chemical agent which kills insects
Melathion is an insecticide used to exterminate insects such as fruit flies and
mosquitoes.
Insight (noun)
deep, thorough, or mature understanding; the power to discern the true nature or a person
or situation
Scientists have gained new insight on a type of low pressure weather center that
connects one mesoscale convective vortex to the next.
Insistently (adverb)
so as to compel immediate action or attention
Why the short story is the most popular form of literature today may be a reflection of
the modern way of living that insistently demands that all current fiction be short.
Insomnia (noun)
habitual sleeplessness
People may suffer from insomnia because of extreme stress.
Inspection (noun)
a close of systematic study; the act of examining carefully
According to World Power Technologies' owner manual, monthly maintenance consists
of visual inspections of the mechanical condition of the turbine, inspecting the tower,
and testing the brake. Annual maintenance consists of battery inspections and an up
close inspection of the turbine.
Instability (noun)
the quality or condition of being erratic and undependable
They are very dangerous life-threatening disorders which usually intensify emotional
instability.
Instant (adjective)
occurring immediately
The Brothers Johnson were an instant success releasing such hits as Strawberry Letter
23 and the celebratory dance hit, Stomp.
Instigate (verb)
to stir to action or feeling
There have been recent efforts of instigating prescribed burning as a means of forest
management.
Institution (noun)
the act of founding or establishing
On the other hand, there are those who decry marriage as a sexist and patriarchal
institution that should be avoided at all costs.
Insurgency (noun)
a condition of revolt against a government that is less than an organized revolution and
that is not recognized as belligerency
The search for the missing troops went on amid a rash of confrontations between Iraqis
and U.S. personnel -- one U.S. military official has called it a "classic phase of
insurgency."
Instrumental (adjective)
most important, influential, or significant
In World War II, penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds from getting infected
and in helping speed the recovery of wounds that did not become infected.
Intact (adjective)
untouched, especially by anything that harms or diminishes: entire or complete
The first American steam engine was not made in America at all, but imported intact
from England.
Integral (adjective)
constituting or forming part of the essence of something
The years of 1979 and 1980 were integral in defining mainstream R&B dance music of
the early 1980's.
Integration (noun)
the act, process, or result of abolishing racial segregation
The integration of African Americans into White only schools during the early 1960's
caused widespread protests among segregationists in the South.
Intelligible (adjective)
capable of being readily understood
Language is a form of speech distinctly different from others (otherwise, we call them
dialects of each other), adding for good measure not, or only partially, intelligible to
others without special study.
Intense (adjective)
extreme in degree, strength, or effect
Intense winter storms, high rainfall amounts, and steep terrain areas are all conducive
to land sliding.
Intensive (adjective)
covering all aspects with painstaking accuracy
At Harvard and in six further years of intensive reading while he taught school and
studied law in Worcester and Boston, he mastered the technicalities of his profession and
the literature and learning of his day.
Iteration (noun)
the action or a process of iterating or repeating; the repetition of a sequence of computer
instructions a specified number of times or until a condition is met
Big Brother Africa is actually the third iteration of the program; the first two featured
South African contestants only and the winners were both white men.
Intercept (verb)
to receive a communication or signal directed elsewhere usually secretly
U.S. intelligence analysts believe Saddam Hussein is more likely to be alive than dead, a
conclusion bolstered in recent weeks by intercepted communications among Saddam
loyalists, The New York Times reported Friday, citing government officials.
Interchange (noun)
the act, process, or an instance of putting each of (two things) in the place of the other
Although many food plants had traveled halfway around the globe by 1492, not one food
crop had crossed the Atlantic Ocean. That is why 1492 is such a crucial date in the history
of the world's food supply: Columbus' voyages initiated the interchange of plants
between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, which in effect doubled the food crop
resources available to peoples on both sides of the Atlantic.
Interdisciplinary (adjective)
of or between more than one branch of learning
Cognition and perception graduate students may easily elect to pursue programs of
study with an interdisciplinary breadth. For example, a student with strong interests
in aging may participate extensively in the developmental area and the Institute of
Gerontology; one attracted to problems in social cognition might work with members of
the social psychology program at the Institute for Social Research; and an individual
who wished to model problem solving behavior may study with artificial intelligence
specialists in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department.
Interfere (verb)
to intervene without good judgment in the affairs of others
His house was bombed, and he was convicted along with other boycott leaders on
charges of conspiring to interfere with the bus company's operations.
Interminably (adverb)
so as to be endless or tediously long
While in France, he would sometimes go to the café that James Joyce would frequent, but
the interminably shy Faulkner never mustered the nerve to speak to him.
Intermittently (adverb)
in an irregular and unpredictable manner; at irregular intervals
To the east of the Armargosa Range is the Armargosa Desert, striated by the wide
washes of the Armargosa River which intermittently flows south from Beatty, Nevada,
through Death Valley Junction, curving to the west and then north to enter Death Valley
below Jubilee Pass.
Internal (adjective)
located farther in, or within something
Another benefit of exercising is that it increases bone mass. It is important to keep
healthy and strong bones because they provide movement and protect our internal
organs.
Internship (noun)
a specific length of time in which a worker (often cases a student) works for a company in
order to gain experience
A person should look for an entry level job, gain experience through internships, and
watch for opportunities of specialized training or advanced education.
Interpolate (verb)
to insert words into a book
Part one of Cervantes’s book interpolates peripheral episodes into the main plot.
Intervention (noun)
the act or instance of intruding in other people’s affairs
With appropriate intervention, many of the associated behaviors can be positively
changed, even to the point in some cases, that the child or adult may appear to the
untrained person to no longer have autism.
Intricate (adjective)
complexly detailed; difficult to understand due to intricacy
The entire small intestine is lined with intricate sets of muscles, which are never at
complete rest.
Intrigue (noun)
a secret plan to achieve an evil or illegal end
In 1768 he composed his first opera, La Finta Semplice, for Vienna, but intrigues
prevented its performance, and it was first presented a year later at Salzburg.
Intruder (noun)
a person who goes into a building with a criminal intent
The rattle is the most distinguishing feature of the snake and is a horny section at the end
of the tail, which serves to scare off intruders.
Inversely (adverb)
in an inverted order or manner, as when one quantity is greater or less according as
another is less or greater
In the Pacific Ocean, where the typical water depth is about 4000 m, a tsunami travels at
about 200 m/s, or over 700 km/hr. Because the rate at which a wave loses its energy is
inversely related to its wave length, tsunamis not only propagate at high speeds, they
can also travel great, transoceanic distances with limited energy losses.
Invincible (adjective)
incapable of being conquered, overrun, or subjugated
Juan Gil obtained Cervantes's freedom in 1580 in exchange for 500 ducats. Once back in
Spain, he became a tax collector for the Invincible Armada.
Invoke (verb)
bring about, cause
Our giant impact hypothesis had the advantage of invoking a stochastic catastrophic
event that might happen only to one or two planets out of nine.
Inwardly (adverb)
in the mind or heart; privately; secretly
She inwardly keeps her feelings from the rest of her family.
Irregularity (noun)
lack of smoothness or regularity
To determine a diamond's clarity, an expert views it under 10 power magnifications. In
addition to internal inclusions, surface irregularities are referred to as blemishes.
Irrigate (verb)
to cause a stream to flow over land so as to water it
These slow moving rivers feed many canals that irrigate farmlands.
Irritate (verb)
to trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, especially by repeated, needless trouble
The latter, at first sympathetic to the Mozart’s, later became irritated by Wolfgang's
prolonged absences and stubborn ways.
Isolation (noun)
the quality of state of being alone
A person who engages in criminal behavior can be differentiated by the quality or
quantity of his learning through associations with those who define criminal activity
favorable and the relative isolation from lawful social norms.
Jaw-dropping (adjective)
characterized as causing amazement or wonder
He has been admiring the sleek TV displays for years, watching as prices decline from
jaw-dropping levels.
Junction (noun)
a point or position at which two or more things are joined
Just outside of Barstow, California is the junction of Interstate 15 and 40.
Keen (adjective)
possessing or displaying perceptions of great accuracy and sensitivity; mentally quick
A student who writes and rewrites a writing assignment over several weeks has a keen
understanding of the processes involved.
Keynote address (noun)
an address designed to present the issues of primary interest to an assembly as a political
convention and often to arouse unity and enthusiasm
In a keynote address, Robert Kennedy Jr. recalled the confrontation between Wallace
and his father, U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy.
Kettle (noun)
a metallic vessel for boiling liquids
To purify water for drinking, a camper should put the water in a kettle and boil it for at
least 30 minutes.
Kin (noun)
a person connected to another person by blood
There is a clear pattern of lineage endogamy generated by marriages between sons and
daughters of brothers and other agnatic kin, accounting for approximately a quarter of
all marriages.
Laden (adjective)
to load, to pile on, as burden or freight
For the next topic of our lecture today, the cost analysis of a proper prescribed burn and
the cost of battling a blaze in the load fuel laden forests needs to be considered to see
which method is more economically feasible given the tight budgetary constraints with
which the government has to operate.
Lament (noun)
a crying out in grief; complaint
In a world where there is a common lament that there are no more heroes, too often
cynicism and despair are perceived as evidence of the death of moral courage.
Land (verb)
gain, secure: land a job
Mary Blake arrived in San Francisco and landed work as a singer at the Paradise Hotel,
a gambling hall owned by Blackie Norton.
Landing (noun)
to set or put on shore from a ship
The landings from the world's wild capture fisheries have continued to decline since
reaching a peak of 112 million metric tons (mmt) in 1995.
Landslide (noun)
downward and outward movement of soil and rock
The big earthquake of 1906 set off dozens of large landslides in the Santa Cruz
Mountains, some of which claimed human lives.
Larva (noun)
the immature, wingless, and often vermiform feeding form that hatches from the egg of
many insects
After mosquito eggs hatch, the larvae hang from the surface film and get air through
tubes that break the water’s surface at the tail ends of their bodies.
Latchkey (adjective)
relating to a young child of working parents who must spend part of the day unsupervised
as at home
Nearly 10.6 million children were being raised by full time stay at home moms last year,
up 13 percent in a little less than a decade. Experts credit the economic boom, the cultural
influence of America's growing Hispanic population and the entry into parenthood of a
generation of latchkey kids.
Lateral (adjective)
of, at, toward, or from the side or sides
If done properly, the taping of the lateral ligament will immobilize the knee structure to
prevent further injury.
Latitude (noun)
freedom of action or choice
Even though some jobs have defined salary ranges, hiring managers generally have
some latitude to negotiate within that predetermined range based on a number of
different factors.
Latter (adjective)
after the first
In two further Italian journeys, he wrote two more operas for Milan, Ascanio in Alba
(1771) and Lucio Silla (1772). In 1772, Archbishop von Schrattenbach died, to be succeeded
by Hieronymus von Colloredo. The latter, at first sympathetic to the Mozart, later
became irritated by Wolfgang's prolonged absences and stubborn ways.
Launch (verb)
to go about the initial step of doing something
Although several successful mining ventures were launched, much of the hype was
bogus.
Laureate (noun)
the recipient of honor or recognition for achievement in an art or science
The Inamori Foundation announced the laureates of its 19th Annual Kyoto Prizes,
international awards presented to people who have contributed significantly to
mankind's betterment in the categories of Advanced Technology, Basic Science, and Arts
and Philosophy.
Laurel (noun)
honor or distinction
After his triumphant victory, the military commander recovered his laurels.
Lava (noun)
matter flowing from a volcano that solidifies as it cools
Hawaii’s volcanoes are typically characterized by the relatively quiet outflow of very
fluid lava and by sometimes spectacular lava fountains.
Leakage (noun)
action through which matter passes accidentally in or out of something
Leakage from swimming pools can be a sign of an unstable slope.
Lean (adjective)
having little flesh or fat on the body
Body Composition is the comparable amounts of fat and lean body tissue found in the
body.
Leathery (adjective)
resembling or having the appearance of animal skins dressed for use such as for wallets,
clothes, shoes, etc.
The wings of pterosaurs, which were somewhat similar to the wings of bats, were made
of thin, leathery skin stretched across slender bones.
Legendary (adjective)
famous, remarkable
Professor Jones’s History exams are legendary for failing students.
Legislature (noun)
governmental body in a country which passes laws
The Vermont Supreme Court ordered its state legislature to come up with a system
providing same-sex couples with traditional marriage benefits and protections.
Legume (noun)
the fruit or seed of leguminous plants (as peas or beans) used for food
Vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, unrefined cereals, olive oil, cheese and yogurt are
eaten most days, as is fish.
Lexicographer (noun)
one who compiles dictionaries
Here’s a definition for the lexicographers — A region consisting of one or more historic
central cities surrounded by cities and towns which have a shared identification, function
as a single zone for trade, commerce and communication, and are characterized by
social, economic and environmental interdependence.
Liaison (noun)
a sexual relationship prohibited by law
He had one daughter, Isabel, from his liaison with Ana de Villafranca.
Libration (noun)
an oscillation– a single swing as of an oscillating body–from one extreme limit to the other
In the apparent aspect of a secondary body as a planet or a satellite as seen from the
primary object around which it revolves libration in longitude enables observers on
Earth to see one edge or the other of the far side of the moon.
Lightning (noun)
flash of bright light produced by an electrical discharge between clouds or between clouds
and the ground
Currently the policy in parks such as Yellowstone is to allow natural fires started by
lightning to continue.
Likelihood (noun)
very probable; strong or distinct possibility
Tucker and Crook used the Pennsylvania State University/NCAR mesoscale model to
simulate convection (showers and thunderstorms) and to test how different modes of
mountain convection affect the likelihood of mesoscale convective systems formation
downstream.
Limbo (adjective)
a place or state of neglect or oblivion; an intermediate or transitional place or state; a state
of uncertainty
Finding a community of people who understand what you're going through is an
essential component of getting through what Case calls limbo land.
Limnologist (noun)
a scientist who studies life in fresh water
Limnologists recognize that the problems of life in running water and still water
contrast.
Lineage (adjective)
a group of people sharing common ancestry
The advantage of lineage endogamy in Turkey is the imposition of a bride price lower
than those in contracts involving more distant social bonds.
Linger on (verb)
to stop temporarily and remain, as if reluctant to leave
The effects of a cold can linger on for as long as three weeks.
Link (verb)
to unite or be united in a relationship
There are also mixed results of studies linking bladder cancer and firefighting.
Literacy (noun)
ability to read and write; or to have proficiency in something
During the job search, sociology graduates should stress their work and internship
experience, analytical skills, oral and written communication skills, computer literacy,
and knowledge of statistics and research design.
Literal (adjective)
taking words in their basic sense without metaphor or allegory
Dr. Martin Luther King resented religious emotionalism and questioned literal
interpretations of scripture; he nevertheless greatly admired black social gospel
proponents such as his father who saw the church as a instrument for improving the lives
of African Americans.
Literary (adjective)
well-informed about literature
In January 1925, Faulkner moved to New Orleans and fell in with a literary crowd
which included Sherwood Anderson (author of Winesburg, Ohio) and centered around
The Double Dealer, a literary magazine whose credits include the first published works of
Hart Crane, Ernest Hemingway, Robert Penn Warren, and Edmund Wilson.
Lofty (adjective)
extending to a great height
When feeding in a field, crows usually post a sentinel on a lofty perch to sound a
warning if any danger should approach.
Longevity (noun)
long life
Recent research has shown that regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle can increase
longevity.
Longitude (noun)
angular distance east or west from the prime meridian
At some longitudes the observer would see the Sun rise and then gradually increase in
apparent size as it slowly moved toward the zenith. At that point the Sun would stop,
briefly reverse course, and stop again before resuming its path toward the horizon and
decreasing in apparent size.
Longstanding (adjective)
of long duration
There has been a longstanding tradition to divide early history into periods according
to the hard materials such as stone, cooper, bronze, and iron, from which cutting tools
and weapons were made.
Loom (verb)
to be imminent–about to occur at any moment, being or occurring in the time ahead
At no time has this enormous growth of medical costs loomed larger as a social question
than now.
Loophole (noun)
a means of escape; especially : an ambiguity or omission in the text through which the
intent of a statute, contract, or obligation may be evaded
Consumer advocates have worried that the list would be laden with loopholes without
the support of the FCC, which oversees the nation's telephone system.
Looter (noun)
one who seizes and carries away by force especially in war
The cases were not found until last week because the basement of the bank was flooded,
possibly deliberately by bank officials as a way to protect the treasures from looters.
Lose touch (verb)
to depart from reality; to not have regular contact with someone or something
Most people have observed mild dissociative episodes in which they lose touch with
their surroundings.
Lumbering (noun)
lacking dexterity and grace in physical movement
Tom Keith, although a lumbering sort of character, is quite effective as a steel worker.
Luminescent (adjective)
the natural emission of light by an insect or animal
Most of the squid on which whales prey are luminescent.
Lure (verb)
to beguile or draw into a wrong or foolish course of action
As a way to lure their prey, coyotes will often act playful to small dogs and cats.
Lynch (verb)
the act of putting a person to death without a legal trial
Ironically, the practice of lynching got its name from William Lynch, who was a law-
abiding citizen.
Lyricism (noun)
something likened to verse, as in form or style
Her gift in lyricism is what has helped her to successfully write pop-music songs.
Magnanimity (noun)
the quality or state of being generous
Always known for his magnanimity, John Fenson left his family with a sizeable
inheritance after his death.
Magnification (noun)
enlargement; the act of making something bigger
Many inclusions are not discernable to the naked eye and require magnification to
become apparent.
Magnitude (noun)
the quality of being enormous
No could have predicted beforehand the magnitude of the earthquake which was to
occur in Alaska.
Mainstream (noun)
the prevailing trend, fashion, etc.
Following Thriller, Quincy Jones worked on fewer mainstream dance projects outside
of Michael Jackson's Bad.
Majestic (adjective)
large and impressive in size, scope, or extent
A majestic movie theater built in Hollywood fifty years ago has finally been torn down.
Makeshift (adjective)
characterized as an usually crude and temporary substitute for something: resource
“We want to make people aware that the captive-bred seahorse is a much better buy,"
said production manager Ken Maher, from the makeshift laboratory in Connemara,
west Ireland.
Malfunction (noun)
to work improperly due to mechanical difficulties
At the lower end of the esophagus, a one way valve (the esophageal sphincter) prevents
the backsplash of stomach contents upward into the esophagus. A malfunction of this
valve is the most common cause of heartburn.
Malice (noun)
a desire to harm others or to see others suffer
The way the argument played out proved that the customer had convincingly showed
malice toward the worker.
Malnutrition (noun)
faulty or inadequate nourishment needed to sustain life
An anorexic person, with protruding ribs and resembling a skeleton, often has to be
hospitalized for malnutrition and forced to eat.
Manageable (adjective)
capable of being governed
Because enrollment must be kept to a manageable level, early application at a
university of your choice is recommended.
Mandate (verb)
an authoritative indication to be obeyed
On December 5, 1955, five days after Montgomery civil rights activist Rosa Parks refused
to obey the city's rules mandating segregation on buses, black residents launched a bus
boycott and elected King as president of the newly formed Montgomery Improvement
Association.
Maneuver (noun)
an action calculated to achieve an end
Before the invention of the Heimlich maneuver, choking on food was a common cause of
accidental death in humans, causing 6,000 deaths a year in the United States.
Mangle (verb)
to spoil, injure, or make incoherent especially through ineptitude; characterized as being
injured with deep disfiguring wounds by cutting, tearing, or crushing
He saw a man's mangled body almost completely inside his car -- head on the
floorboard, torso in the air and a severed leg on the center console.
Manifestation (noun)
an act of showing or displaying
However, better of the disorder has led to the development of better coping mechanisms
and strategies for the various manifestations of the disability.
Manipulate (verb)
to control one’s own advantage by artful or indirect means
Chimpanzees have been taught some hand signs based on American Sign Language, to
manipulate colored switches or tokens, and to understand some spoken commands.
Manual (noun)
a book of instructions
A manual on how to repair a slipping transmission has been sent to auto repair shops
all over the country.
Manufacture (noun)
to create by forming, combining, or altering materials
Through the process of photosynthesis, plants convert the light energy into stored energy.
Because green plants can manufacture their own food, plants are called autotrophs or
self-nourishing.
Manure (noun)
material that fertilizes land; especially: refuse of stables and barnyards consisting of
livestock excreta with or without litter
Leaving germs behind, the housefly is a common pest and disease carrier that lays eggs
in garbage and manure.
Map out (verb)
to show graphically the direction or location of, as by using coordinates
At least thirteen acres of a large underground body of water known as the Lost Sea have
been mapped out, and still divers have found no end to the lake.
Margin (noun)
a fairly narrow line or space forming a boundary
If your method of recitation included note taking in the left hand margins of your
notebook, write questions for the notes you have taken.
Marine (adjective)
of or relating to the seas or oceans
Seals move more efficiently in a marine environment.
Marketplace (noun)
an open space in a town where goods are offered for sale
Because to compete in the emerging global economy, city-states have no choice: they
must mobilize all their skills to protect their center cities, grow smarter, protect their air
and water, achieve more social equity, and train their workforce to excel in an
increasingly competitive world marketplace.
Marsh (noun)
a usually low-lying area of waterlogged ground and standing water
Although fires are thought to be destructive and dangerous, many plants, such as scrub,
marshes and pine flat woods depend on fire in order to survive.
Massacre (noun)
the savage killing of many victims
Adams's innate conservatism made him determined in 1770 that the British soldier
accused of the Boston Massacre was to receive a fair hearing.
Masterpiece (noun)
a work done with extraordinary skill
For thousands of years, mythology has provided material for much of the world's great
art. Myths and mythological characters have inspired masterpieces of architecture,
literature, music, painting, and sculpture.
Maternity (noun)
relating to being a mother, or motherhood
Two months before the birth of her cubs, a mother polar bear instinctively begins to dig a
maternity den.
Mate (verb)
to engage in sexual intercourse; to copulate
After the black widow mates, she devours her partner.
Maturity (noun)
adulthood; ripeness
In many countries, there is discrepancy as to what age children reach maturity.
Measure (noun)
the formal product of a legislative or judicial body
In 1761, John Adams began to think and write and act against British measures that he
believed infringed on colonial liberties and the right of Massachusetts and the other
colonies to self-government.
Medial (adjective)
situated in the middle; at, near, or being the center
The anterior cruciate ligament, located in the medial part of the knee structure, helps to
stabilize the knee when a person is in an upright position.
Median (noun)
something, as a type, number, quantity, or degree, that represents a midpoint between
extremes on a scale of valuation
Stated more precisely, the median is a number that neither exceeds nor is exceeded by
more than half of the observations.
Meditation (noun)
the act or process of thinking
Don Quixote is an Aristotelian meditation on the nature of literature and the role of the
writer in society.
Menace (noun)
regarded as a danger to someone or something
Causing many respiratory illnesses, automobile exhaust is a menace to human health.
Menstrual (adjective)
process of ovulation and menstruation in female primates
An anorexic girl weighs at least 15 percent less than her ideal weight, has an extreme fear
of gaining weight, and has missed at least three consecutive menstrual periods.
Merely (adverb)
and nothing else or nothing more
Bats' wings are modifications of the hands of the common mammalian ancestor; flying
squirrels' wings are modifications of its rib cage. The two structures are merely
analogous: similar in function.
Merry-making (noun)
the act of showing happy satisfaction in an event; joyful, exuberant activity
Meanwhile, at the Union camp at Shiloh, the Federal troops spent a day drilling and
merry-making. Hundreds went for a swim in Owl Creek. Others rested.
Metabolize (verb)
to change a substance, i.e., food, and its chemical nature so that it can be used for another
purpose
When Starch is digested, our body hydrolyzes it to glucose. The glucose is then
metabolized and used for energy.
Metallic (adjective)
consisting or characteristic of metal; having the sheen or luster of metals
To make the appearance of his automobile more attractive, the owner had his car painted
a metallic green.
Meticulous (adjective)
showing or marked by attentiveness to all aspects or details
Professor Brown, known for meticulous attention to detail, gives exams consisting of
more than 250 questions.
Metropolis (noun)
a large and important town
The world’s lead city-states are its greatest metropolises – New York, Tokyo, Paris,
Hong Kong, Los Angeles and their global "command and control" competitors, spread
from Chicago to Singapore.
Migrate (verb)
an object which travels from one place to a new place; to leave one’s native land and to
settle in another
The lunar surface is bombarded with water rich objects such as comets, and scientists
have suspected that some of the water in these objects could migrate to permanently
dark areas at the lunar poles, perhaps accumulating to useable quantities.
Mild (adjective)
free from extremes in temperature; free from severity or violence, as in movement
Most people have observed mild dissociative episodes in which they lose touch with their
surroundings. Examples include daydreaming, highway hypnosis, or losing oneself in a
movie or book.
Milestone (noun)
significant event or stage in a person’s life
Since the ability to achieve competency varies to a great degree in adults and less so in
children (who possess the same high proficiency capabilities), does this not in itself
suggest an overall pattern of ability set on by age? Perhaps, the onset of a sensitive
period changes according to the individual just as growth patterns and personal
milestones are reached at different times in one’s life.
Millennium (noun)
a period of 1,000 years
Indeed, fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear accident has turned up in ice cores, as has
dust from violent desert storms countless millennia ago.
Mingle (noun)
to take part in social activities
From time to time, a worker should mingle with other co-workers at Halloween,
Christmas, and New Year’s parties.
Misconception (noun)
to be mistaken in judgment
One of the common misconceptions many job seekers have, especially recent
graduates, is that a degree automatically means more money or a certain amount of it.
Misnomer (noun)
a wrong name or designation
Fixed-rate cards, meanwhile, are something of a misnomer, since their rates aren't
actually fixed.
Mnemonic (adjective)
a technique or system of improving the memory by the use of certain formulas
Develop mnemonic devices for material which needs to be memorized.
Mobilize (verb)
to assemble, prepare, or put into operation, as for war or a similar emergency
Although increasingly portrayed as the pre-eminent black spokesperson, King did not
mobilize mass protest activity during the first five years after the Montgomery boycott
ended.
Moderate (verb)
to make or become less severe; to become less active or intense
The union has hired someone to moderate the arguments between the faculty and the
administration.
Moisture (noun)
water or other liquid causing a slight dampness or wetness
The child sleeps on a pad that buzzes loudly the moment it detects moisture.
Molecule (noun)
the smallest particle of an element or compound
This process of breaking down large molecules into their smallest parts so our body can
use them is termed digestion.
Molest (verb)
to make annoying sexual advances to; especially: to force physical and sexual contact
A California man was charged with molesting his daughters almost 50 years ago.
Momentum (noun)
a strength or force that keeps growing
If it impacted the earth with enough momentum and if it was large enough, a meteorite
could cause the extinction of the human species.
Monopoly (noun)
exclusive control or possession
Even though Thomas Jefferson was against most forms of monopoly, he believed that
an invention should be protected from attempts to copy it.
Morale (noun)
mental attitudes of a person, especially with regards to confidence and discipline
It is important to have high morale in a company so that productivity remains high.
Morpheme (noun)
the smallest meaningful unit of speech
A word may contain more than one morpheme, as in antiestablishment, in which there
are three morphemes.
Mortality (noun)
the condition of being mortal; especially the nature of man, as having the nature to die
Of 14 studies on the mortality of firefighters, 11 found excess risk for brain cancer.
Mortar (noun)
a mixture of cement, lime, or gypsum plaster with sand and water that hardens and is used
in masonry or plastering
From a physicist’s point of view, the fermions are the bricks on which the world is built,
and the bosons are the mortar that binds them together.
Mount (verb)
to set on something that elevates
Wheels mounted on a frame over a river were the first devices used to harness water
power.
Movingly (adverb)
so as a general arousing or stirring of the emotions or feelings
Talking movingly to her father upon departure, Karen told him that she would return
in two years.
Multiethnic (adjective)
having to do with people in a society or community of many different nationalities
The sociological perspective is crucial for working in today's multiethnic and
multinational business environment.
Municipal (adjective)
belonging to a city
Although aluminum is less than one percent of the nation's municipal solid waste stream,
it remains one of the most valuable recyclable materials.
Murkiness (noun)
a heavy dimness or obscurity caused by or like that caused by overhanging fog or smoke;
the act of being darkly vague or obscure
But the idea of securing a "critical mass" of underrepresented students, which the court
endorsed, may create more murkiness about limits of race-based school policies, critics
say.
Mushroom (verb)
to well up and spread out laterally from a central source; to become enlarged or extended;
to spring up suddenly or multiply rapidly
As the Earth’s population continues to mushroom, can ways be found to manage
natural resources without causing ecological collapse?
Muster (verb)
to come together; to assemble, prepare, or put into operation
While in France, he would sometimes go to the café that James Joyce would frequent, but
the interminably shy Faulkner never mustered the nerve to speak to him.
Mutation (noun)
the process or result of making or becoming different
Driven by dizzying mutations in medical costs, program directors and staff ponder the
disruptive dynamism of these new reforms.
Muzzle (noun)
a device, as of straps, fastened over the mouth of an animal to prevent its biting or eating
Dogs should wear muzzles when they are certain to have contact with other dogs and
children.
Mystical (adjective)
difficult to explain or understand
Coconut trees possess the mystical ability to conjure up a tropical paradise atmosphere
wherever they may be found.
Mythology (noun)
a body of traditional beliefs and notions accumulated about a particular subject
In Roman mythology, Mercury is the god of commerce, travel and thievery, the Roman
counterpart of the Greek god Hermes, the messenger of the Gods.
Nag (verb)
to scold or find fault constantly
Nagging another person can cause resentment, ultimately resulting in a destroyed
friendship.
Naked (adjective)
not wearing any clothes; without the aid of a microscope or telescope
If the inclusions are not visible to the naked eye, a higher clarity does not really improve
the appearance of a diamond but rather the rarity and price.
Natal (adjective)
of or connected with one’s birth
Both villages show a similar level of in-marriage among women currently resident
within the village, 67% for Sakaltutan and 63% for Elbasi, indicating an approximate
ratio of two women marrying and resident within their natal village for every one who
marries out.
Nationwide (noun)
throughout the whole nation–an organized geopolitical unit
As we use more and more water, the nationwide supply is rapidly being used up.
Navigable (adjective)
capable of being passed, traversed, or crossed
In the United States, there are few navigable rivers through which ocean-liners can
travel.
Negotiate (verb)
to come to an agreement about
In April 1803, Napoleon Bonaparte negotiated the sale of the Louisiana Territory with
the envoys of President Thomas Jefferson.
Neolithic (adjective)
of or relating to the latest period of the Stone Age characterized by polished stone
implements; belonging to an earlier age and now outmoded
Once considered a "Neolithic backwater" by archaeologists, Papua New Guinea is
emerging as one of the handful of places on Earth where agricultural practices developed
independently from other cultures.
Networking (noun)
the developing of contacts or exchanging of information with others in an informal
network
In a short time, the reforms might well be a dynamic instability in the care and
networking of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Neurological (adjective)
relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system
The result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, autism
and its associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500
individuals.
Newfangled (adjective)
showing marked departure from previous practice
The economics theories of today are merely a newfangled form of former theories first
posed in the 1960's.
Newfound (adjective)
newly found
She mentions inner growth, a new sense of self and self-respect, a heightened sense of
priorities, and a newfound independence as she assumed the bulk of responsibilities and
decision making.
Nobility (noun)
the quality or state of possessing outstanding qualities in character, quality, or rank
Showing a nobility of character that has worldwide appeal, Lincoln, a Republican, was
the first member of his party to become president.
Nocturnal (adjective)
of or occurring the night
Many rattlesnakes are nocturnal, but they can also be seen during the daytime.
Nominate (verb)
to select someone for an office, a position, or an award
Among her volumes of poetry are A Brave and Startling Truth (Random House, 1995),
The Complete Collected Poems of Maya Angelou (1994), Wouldn't Take Nothing for My
Journey Now (1993), Now Sheba Sings the Song (1987), I Shall Not Be Moved (1990),
Shaker, Why Don't You Sing? (1983), Oh Pray My Wings Are Gonna Fit Me Well (1975),
and Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Die (1971), which was nominated for the
Pulitzer prize.
Norm (noun)
an accepted way or behaving in a certain group
A person who engages in criminal behavior can be differentiated by the quality or
quantity of his/her learning through associations with those who define criminal activity
favorable and the relative isolation from lawful social norms.
Notch (noun)
a v-shaped indentation of an edge or surface
It is said that the notorious Billy the Kid made a notch on his pistol grip for each of his
victims.
Notion (noun)
something believed or accepted as true by a person
The Battle at Shiloh changed all preconceived notions that the Civil War would be short
lived.
Notwithstanding (preposition)
[notwithstanding their lack of experience, they were an immediate success] — often used
after its object [the motion passed, our objection notwithstanding]: despite
Seahorses are no ordinary sea creatures, notwithstanding their monogamy which is
highly unusual for the animal kingdom. It is the male who receives eggs from his female
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