Microsoft Word Basic Chemistry Vocabulary List doc



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1 - Basic Chemistry Vocabulary List

equivalence point:
The point in a titration at which the solution is completely 
neutral. This is different than the "endpoint" (see above).

ester
: An organic molecule with R-CO-OR' functionality.



excess reagent
: Sometimes when you do a chemical reaction, there's some 
of one reagent left over. That's called the excess reagent.

excited state
: A higher energy level that electrons can jump to when energy 
is added.

exothermic
: When a process gives off energy (gets hot).

family
: The same thing as a "group" (see above)

first law of thermodynamics
: The energy of the universe is constant. It's 
the same thing as the Law of conservation of energy.

fission
: A nuclear reaction where a big atom breaks up into little ones. This 
is what happens in nuclear power plants.

free energy
: also called "Gibbs free energy", it's the capacity of a system to 
do work.

free radical
: An atom or molecule with an unpaired electron. They're way 
reactive.

functional group
: A generic term for a group of atoms that cause a molecule 
to react in a specific way. It's really common to talk about this in organic 
chemistry, where you have "aldehydes, carboxylic acids, amines" and so on.

gamma ray
: High energy light given off during a nuclear process. When a 
nucleus gives off this light, it goes to a lower energy state, making it more 
stable.

geometrical isomer
: isomerism where atoms or groups of atoms can take up 
different positions around a double bond or a ring. This is also called cis- 
trans- isomerism.


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