D3.3 Very basic grammar for I Revision 0.1
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DeepThought IST-2000-30161 Page 33 (of 55)
A first analysis of the examples produces a draft synthesis of possible PDS verbs
complementation scheme:
ϕ
ACT
TRANS +
VP infin
κ
DEACT
4
PDS verb
→
fin
λ
TRANS –
µ
Scomp
ν
NP+Scomp
ADJP
ο
PRCPT
5
Pastpart
PP
10.1.1. Infinitive complementation: cases
ϕϕ
-
κκ
-
λλ
The most complex case is the one regarding the
infinitive
complementation. There is no
ambiguity in role
assignment when the verb is
INTRANSITIVE:
in the sentence
“Vedo
Giovanni arrivare” (I see John coming)
Giovanni is undoubtfully the subject of the infinitive
verb, and this is true also when
an inversion occurs, e.g. “Vedo arrivare Giovanni” (I see
coming John). Cliticization is allowed (“Lo vedo arrivare” (I see him coming)) and the PDS
verb is behaved as an “obj_control” verb, e.g. “incaricare”, “to charge” (see also chapther 6):
“Maria incarica Giovanni(i) di (i) andare dal presidente”
(Mary charges John(i) to (i)go to the president)
“Maria lo(i) incarica di (i) andare dal presidente”
(Mary charges him(i) to (i) go to the president)
4
The term "deactivation" (DEACT) indicates a “deep” passivation of an infinite verb without a correspondent
morphological realization. E.g. the sentence
Giovanni lo ha visto uccidere (John saw him to-kill)
can have a double intepretation, depending on the diathesis of the infinitive"uccidere" (kill). When other
complements are expressed, the sentence is disambiguated: e.g. in the sentence
Giovanni lo ha visto uccidere sua moglie (John saw him kill (= killing) his wife)
the only possible interpretation of the infinitive verb is the “active” one and the sentence could be paraphrased as
"Giovanni ha visto "lo" mentre uccideva la moglie" (John saw him while he was killing his wife); in the sentence
Giovanni lo ha visto uccidere da sua moglie (John saw him kill (= being killed) by his wife)
the verb "uccidere" is "deactivated" (not lexicalized passive) and the sentence coul be paraphrased as "Giovanni
ha visto "lo" essere ucciso dalla moglie" (John saw him being killed…). An analogous infinitive “deactivation” case
could be found in causative verbs complementation (perception and causative verbs seem to share a lot of
features), e.g.: "Giovanni lo ha fatto uccidere dalla moglie" (John made him to-be-killed by his wife).
5
By using the PRCPT acronym here I mean the “perceived” as a whole, that is a perceived ”entity” and the
“state/process” introduced by a predicative phrase. In the In the
previous examples, “G stanco”, “G inseguito dai
fans”, “G nei guai” are all PRCPT instances.
D3.3 Very basic grammar for I Revision 0.1
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DeepThought IST-2000-30161 Page 34 (of 55)
The lexical entries of the PDS verb
λ
should be (informally) the following
Dostları ilə paylaş: