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4.3 Summary
The participants in this study were all very positive towards the use of ICT and IWBs in ELT, 
which affected their integration of it. The participants had all been provided with one or more 
training sessions that had given them basic knowledge to proceed from, which they all 
claimed to be fundamental. The participants saw the possibilities with the IWB, which 
probably affected their use of it in ELT. The recurring advantage that was mentioned in the 
answers was the clarity the IWB created and the way it supported all learning-styles. 
Additionally, the possibility and convenience to bring various exercises and resources into the 
classroom was another advantage that was declared. The participants used the IWB frequently 
as a tool in ELT. However, it was most often used to show the lesson plan or other 
information, such as power point presentations to the pupils. There was a desire to use it more 
interactively, but the time to develop their skills and expand their resources did not exist. 
Nevertheless, it was also claimed to be a question of prioritization. There was a wish for 
more provided training from some, but more time for individual self-training was preferred 
since they claimed themselves to be most responsible for mastering the IWB in an efficient 
way.

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5. Discussion 
In this section the results will be discussed in relation to previous research. The discussion is 
divided into three sub-headings. Subheading 5.1 will focus on Teachers’ attitudes towards 
using IWBs in ELT, 5.2 will discuss Time and training; two important factors, and finally, 5.3 
will discuss the benefits of the IWB. 
5.1 Teachers’ attitudes towards using Interactive Whiteboards in English Language 
Teaching 
The participants in this study were all very positive towards the IWB and the integration and 
usage of it in ELT, from the initial state up until now. All the participants used the IWB 
frequently as an educational aid in ELT. The participants saw many advantages and 
possibilities with the IWB and believed that it created a better and more varied English 
learning experience. Furthermore, the responses show that the participants saw the IWB as a 
useful tool that could help to improve the pupils’ proficiencies within all four language skills. 
The participants also stated that the integration of the IWB in ELT seemed to have a positive 
effect on pupils’ motivation and engagement in various classroom activities, which probably 
effected the participants attitudes towards the IWB in a positive way. Furthermore, the 
participants did not believe that the integration of the IWB was merely beneficial for the 
learners; the responses clearly showed that the IWB was seen as a helpful tool for the teachers 
as well.
The participants’ attitudes towards the new technology were decisive for the integration of it 
in the EFL classroom. The participants were curious and excited to start using the IWB from 
the first day and still today there was an eagerness among all of the participants to learn more 
about how to incorporate the IWB in ELT and to expand their knowledge regarding the 
functions and possibilities with it. Attitude is a factor which has been mentioned as a 
determinant factor whether the technological tool will be actively used in teaching and if it 
will be successful or not (Betcher and Lee, ibid). A positive attitude towards a new 
technological device increases the motivation to use the tool and pushes the process of 
integrating it in teaching. In this case, results from previous studies seem to agree with the 
result in this study. Betcher and Lee (ibid) claim that there are three different categories, 
which they divide teachers into regarding their various attitudes towards new technology. 
These three different attitudes are significant for the incorporation of the IWB in teaching 

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(Betcher and Lee, ibid). The participants in this study would probably be placed somewhere 
between the first and the second category, since the responses indicate that the participants 
were very positive towards the IWB and they wanted to integrate it in ELT, but the results 
also showed that the participants’ progress of development did not quite agree with Betcher 
and Lee’s (ibid) definition of teachers in category one. They claim that the teachers’ 
enthusiasm in the first category makes them learn the basic functions fairly quickly which 
leads to an easy and rapid adoption of more advanced functions later (Betcher and Lee, ibid). 
When analysing the responses it is obvious that the participants wanted to explore the IWB 
more and expand their knowledge, however, it was not their first prioritisation. The responses 
showed that the participants incorporated the IWB in their teaching relatively fast after it had 
first been placed in the classrooms and the participants stated that their usage of the IWB had 
a positive effect on the pupils’ engagement and learning. However, despite this and the fact 
that most of the participants had used the IWB for some years, the responses indicate that the 
participants were still at the intermediate level of knowledge of how to integrate the IWB, and 
most frequently used it as a displayer of information. The participants had much to learn and 
explore regarding the more advanced functions of the IWB. Betcher and Lee (ibid) claim that 
a slow process of learning to use new technology to its full capacity delays the achievement 
of success in the classroom.
What the participants’ positive attitudes towards technology and the IWB were due to are 
unclear. However, the responses tell us that the participants’ attitudes towards integrating the 
IWB in ELT would probably be less positive if the school had not provided the teachers with 
training in the beginning and during the years of how to get started. Even though the answers 
show that some of the participants would have preferred more subject-specific training, the 
responses also show that the general training was positive for the participants’ attitude and 
initial integration of the IWB. The provision of training is an aspect that Betcher and Lee 
(ibid) emphasize as important for the positive effect of an IWB. This implies that training 
provision from the school is essential in order to get everybody on board and to generate a 
more positive starting point for the teachers’ integration of the IWB and other technological 
teaching devices (Betcher and Lee, ibid). A study by Reedy (2008) is evident for this 
statement. The results in Reedy’s (ibid) study clearly showed that the lack of provided 
training and support from the school of how to integrate and use new technology in teaching 
generated negative attitudes among the teachers. This resulted in an irregular, if any, 
integration of new technology in teaching. When and if the teachers at this school 

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incorporated the new technology, such as the IWB, they did not use it for its purposes. The 
consequence was that the IWB was mainly used as a displayer of PowerPoint presentations 
and other information. Moreover, the results in both studies show that the training provided 
for teachers and teachers’ attitudes are crucial for the consequences of the integration of new 
technology.