Microsoft Word Lx14steyn doc

Contents 
Numbers .......................................... LA2 
Phrasal verbs ................................... LA3 
Academic writing .............................. LA4 
Metaphor .......................................... LA8 
Computer words .............................. LA10 
Pragmatics ....................................... LA12 
Spoken discourse ............................ LA14 
Sensitivity: avoiding offence ............. LA16 
British and American English ........... LA18 
Business English ............................. LA20 
Word formation ................................ LA22
Example 1: Two subtexts preceding an unintegrated text 
Integrated outer texts are directed at achieving the genuine purpose of the dic-
tionary. The inclusion of these texts in learner's dictionaries should be ex-
panded because of the added value and contribution to the successful diction-
ary consultation process. According to Gouws (2002: 473), there are two types 

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Steyn 
of integrated texts: "These texts belong either to the class of so-called 'help texts' 
with the function to assist the user with a more successful dictionary consulta-
tion procedure or, in as far as they contain a part of the lexicographic data pre-
sented in the dictionary, they are integrated texts from which the user can re-
trieve information regarding the subject matter of the dictionary." 
The users' guidelines text is an example of a help text that assists the user 
in order to have a successful dictionary consultation procedure. By consulting 
the users' guidelines, complemented by a sample article, the learner gains in-
sight into the structure and contents of the dictionary. 
In order to complement the data presented in the central list a part of the 
lexicographic data can be accommodated in lists, traditionally presented in the 
back matter. Grammar codes presented in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary 
English (LDOCE) are integrated into the distribution of lexicographic data and 
assist the user in retrieving information regarding the subject matter of the dic-
tionary. The same dictionary also includes a list of geographical names with 
adjectives forming part of the macrostructure of the dictionary. By adding this 
extra list with grouped and related words, the lexicographers support informa-
tion retrieval and enhance language learning.