Ministry of Higher and Secondary Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan Gulistan State University Faculty of psychology and social sciences direction of history (by countries and directions). Independent work

Ministry of Higher and Secondary Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan


Gulistan State University


Faculty of psychology and social sciences


direction of history (by countries and directions).
Independent work
Theme: Canada

DONE: ____________________

ACCEPTED:____________________
GULISTON 2023


Theme: Canada


PLAN:

1. 
   Canada's territorial structure
   
2. 
   Canadian Economic Policy
   
3. 
   Canada-Uzbekistan relations
   

CANADA (Canada) — Shim. American pants. part and adjacent o. country located in Maid. 9971 thousand km2. Akhrlisi 31.59 mln. person (2001). The capital is Ottawa. Administratively, it is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories.

State system. Canada is a federal state within the Commonwealth of Great Britain. Current Constitution of 1982. Apr 17 entered into force at The head of state is the king (queen) of Great Britain, on whose behalf the governor-general heads the state. The Governor-General is appointed by the Prime Minister of Canada, usually for 5 years. appoints a term. Legislative power is exercised on behalf of the Queen by the Governor-General and a bicameral Parliament (the Senate and the House of Commons). Executive power is exercised on behalf of the Queen by a government consisting of the Governor-General and the Prime Minister and Ministers (prime minister since 1993, Jean Chrétien).
Nature. The western part of the territory of Canada is mountainous, the eastern part is plain, north. and partly the northeastern coast is lowland, the eastern coast is steep, and the western coast is very high. The middle part of the mainland and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago bordering the mainland consist of a plain and a plateau. The Hudson Bay is surrounded by lowlands. There are the Lawrence Plains, the Central Plains, and the Great Plains. The Cordillera Mountains are located at the western edge of K., and the Appalachian Mountains are located in the south-east. There are deposits of uranium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, gold and silver, coal, oil, and natural gas.
The climate is arctic and subarctic in most parts of K., jan. temperate, mainly continental climate. Jan. The mean t-test of at -30°, -35°, Jan. at -18°, -20°, the west of July. at 4-7° and Jan. at 16-18°. Annual precipitation on the west coast is more than 2500 mm, on the east coast up to 1250 mm, in the central regions - 400-250 mm, in the north. and less than 150 mm.
There are many rivers in Canada, mainly from snow and rainwater. San Lawrence (Great Lakes), Finley-PeaceRiver-Slave-Mackenzie (Little Slave, Athabasca, Big Slave, etc. lakes), Bow-Saskatchewan-Nelson (Bow, Cedar, Winnipeg, etc. lakes) lake systems Atlantic and West. It enters the ice ocean basin. There are more than 200 large lakes.
Canadian fringe pants. It is an arctic desert, and there are many lichens, etc. herbs are found. From him. there is a tundra, and then a forest-tundra zone. On podzol and swampy soils, white spruce and spruce grow, as well as American hemlock. Podzol and brown forest soils in the southeastern part of the country have coniferous and broad-leaved trees. Farming is done on the fertile soils of the plains.
Pants in Canada. deer, musk deer, polar bear, arctic fox, lemming, arctic hare, partridge, owl, moose, bison, gazelle, leopard, wolf, beaver, etc. animals live. Rivers and lakes are rich in fish. National parks: Banff, Wood Buffalo, Glacier, Jasper, Yoho, etc., there are also provincial parks.
V3 of the population are English-Canadians (44%) and French-Canadians (28%). There are 533,000 Indians and 33,000 Eskimos. In Canada, Germans, Ukrainians, Italians, Dutch, Hungarians, Russians, etc. also lives. The official languages are English and French. French-Canadians are Catholic, the majority of English-Canadians are Protestant. 78.6% of the population lives in cities. Major cities: Montreal, Calgary, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Hamilton, etc.
History. of Canada. people - Eskimos and Indians. 15-a. Europeans started coming to Canada from the end. The French founded Port-Royal and Quebec (1605-08). Quebec remained the center of the New French colony. 17-a. of the 20th Nova Scotia, the first English colony, was established in Canada. 17-a. From the 2nd half of the French-Canadians were formed. As a result of the Seven Years' War (1756-63), Great Britain occupied New France. 1791 Quebec is divided into 2 provinces (Lower Canada and Upper Canada).
The Anglo-American War (1812–14) over Canada led to a push for democratic reform and self-government. Supporters of reform ("patriots") parties were formed in the provinces. 1834 Supporters of the reform took control of the parliaments of Lower and Upper Canada. 1841 Upper Canada and Lower Canada merged. 1848 A new government was formed in K. and Nova Scotia. 19a. in the middle of Canada. y. were built, industry developed, 1867. Shim of Great Britain. The colonies in America were united and a federation was formed under the name "Dominion of Canada". Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, British Columbia (1871) and Prince Edward Island. (1873) annexed to the Dominion of Canada. The establishment of a centralized state became the basis for the emergence of a national market.
19-a. end and 20-a. Canada's economy developed in the beginning. The manufacturing industry grew rapidly, the value of its products in 1914-18. increased 4 times, population increased by 64%. Capital and i. Ch. industry grew, 1900-17. as a result of the merger of banks, their number decreased from 36 to 21; banking and industrial capital were added. K. took part in the First World War on the side of Great Britain.
British influence in Canada waned and increased as Canada's economy strengthened during World War I. 1919-20 At the Paris Conference, Canada independently signed the peace treaties. Along with other dominions, K. won the right to send a representative to the League of Nations.
1929-33. As a result of the world economic crisis in Ch. It decreased more than 2 times. 1933 1.3 million unemployed at the beginning. more than one person. Q. x. 240,000 farms were destroyed as a result of the extremely low prices of their products.
K. took part in the Second World War on the side of Great Britain. Canada supplied anti-fascist countries, primarily Great Britain, with raw materials, food, and weapons. Military industry has developed in the country, new industries: machine tool manufacturing, synthetic rubber i. Ch. and b. came into being. 1939-45 industry i. Ch. increased by 2.5 times. 1960 , the Canadian government began to work for national interests in domestic and foreign policy. The government strove to preserve Canada's political independence and develop relations with Latin America, Asia and Europe. In the following years, the national question became more acute in Canada. The Quebec party began to demand the separation of this province into a separate state. 1995 In the referendum on the sovereignty of Quebec, the threat of the country's disintegration was eliminated as a result of 50.6% of votes against sovereignty. Canada - 1945. a member of the United Nations. 1991 25 Dec. recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in 1992 Apr 7 established diplomatic relations with him. National holiday - July 1 - K. Day (1867).
Political parties, trade unions. Liberal Party, 1873. formalized; Progressive Conservative Party, 1854. Created; K. Communist Party, 1921. came into existence; Quebec Party, 1968. Created; New Democratic Party, 1961. founded; Bloc Québécois Party, 1990. Created; K. isloxhrt party, 1987, formed; K. Union Party, 2000. compiled in Associations of Trade Unions - Workers' Congress of K. 1956. The National Confederation of Trade Unions was established in 1921. came into being.
Economy. Canada is a highly developed industrial-agrarian country. The share of industry in GDP is 22%, q. x. share is 2.2%.
Industry. Mineral raw materials and semi-finished products per capita i. Ch. in terms of Canada is superior to many developed countries. Nickel, zinc, silver, molybdenum ores, asbestos, gold, platinum, niobium, natural gas, sulfur mining, newsprint, aluminum, cellulose, sawn timber i. Ch. is one of the first places in the world. Canada produces coal, oil, iron ore, tungsten, uranium (metal ore), potassium salts, and sulfur. An average of 490.8 billion per year. kWh of electricity is generated. There are several large thermal power plants and NPPs around Toronto, Vancouver and Ontario. The main hydroelectric plants are located in the provinces of Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. The manufacturing industry includes food and tobacco industry, black and non-ferrous metallurgy and metalworking, transport machinery, etc. networks are in the leading position.
Mechanical engineering gives 1/2 of the value of industrial production. Its main branch is transport engineering (automotive, ship, aviation, wagon and locomotive engineering). From other industries. x. equipment for mechanical engineering, oil and gas industry, mining, forestry and pulp and paper industry i. Ch. blind rooms are well developed. The main centers of mechanical engineering: Toronto, Montreal, Winsor, Hamilton, etc. Cora Metallurgical Hamilton, Sainte-Marie, Welland and Sidney. aluminum, non-ferrous metals i. Ch. Collected in Arvid, Kitimat, Norand, Sudbury, Thompson, Trail. Refineries are located in Montreal and Sarnia. Chemical fertilizers, synthetic rubber and plastic i. Ch. developed. Major centers: Sarnia, Montreal, Toronto, Niagara Falls and Kitchener. Flour, meat, canned fish and liquor-vodka i. Ch. are the main branches of the food industry, which have an important export value. Among the light industries, textiles, footwear and tailoring are relatively well developed. Half of the product is produced in Montreal. Chipboard, newsprint, cardboard i. Ch. Centers: British Columbia and Quebec provinces. Agriculture is productive, farms are mechanized and specialized. About U4 of the land suitable for K-x is united to large farms. 70 mln. hectares of land are occupied by farms. Farming is superior. Grains (wheat, barley, oats, corn), industrial crops (sugar beets, soybeans, flax, tobacco), grass and fodder, vegetables, potatoes, rapeseed are grown. Ninety percent of farms are electrified. The main places where grain farming is developed are the prairie regions, such as Saskatchewan and Manitoba. More than 1/2 of the cultivated wheat and 1/3 of the barley crop are discarded. Dairy farming is developed in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia. Cattle, pigs, sheep and horses are raised in cattle breeding. Q. x. about 60% of its production is produced by livestock.
Forestry is well developed in British Columbia, Quebec and Ontario. About 100,000 tons of wood produced in the world. Fishing, animal husbandry, poultry breeding, and fur breeding are developed.
Transportation i. 94.3 thousand km t. y. and there are 850,000 km of highways. River and sea transport, as well as waterways on the Great Lakes and the Lawrence River, are important. Main ports: Vancouver, Seattle, Montreal, Thunder Bay. The importance of motor transport (especially in the north) is very great. The main airports are Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Ottawa.
Canada exports automobiles, paper, wheat, lumber, pulp, nickel, aluminum, petroleum and petroleum products, iron ore, copper, asbestos, uranium, potassium salts, natural gas, copper, industrial equipment, etc. takes out It buys machinery and industrial equipment and goods, coal, coffee, rubber, bananas and cocoa from abroad. Main customers in trade: USA, Japan, Great Britain, Netherlands.
1989 the entry into force of the free trade agreement between Canada and the USA and in 1992. at Shim. With the signing of the trilateral agreement on the American Free Trade Area (US-Canada-Mexico), the integration of the Canadian economy with the American economy and its integration with the West. The process of becoming a component of America's single economic space has accelerated. The currency is K. dollars.
Medical service. In Canada, doctors are trained in 15 medical schools, most of which are affiliated with universities. Hot Springs Balneological Resort, Newfoundland, Cape Breton o. Lagerie, New Brunswick province, Montreal, Muskoka Lake, Manitoba, and Nova Scotia tuberculosis hospitals are known.
Educational, scientific and cultural-educational institutions. Canada has historically had English and French school systems. The English system is similar to the US school system: 12 years. general education school of 6 years. primary school, 3 years. Junior high school, 3 years. from senior secondary schools or 8 y. primary and 4 y. consists of secondary schools. French education system in the province of Quebec: 6 years. elementary school and 5 years. lik secondary school works. Free compulsory part-time secondary education has been introduced for children aged 5-7 to 14-16. In addition to free public schools, there are also private (paying) schools, mainly run by religious and ethnic groups. Classes are conducted in the language of those groups. Studying in higher educational institutions is paid for. There are flours in all regions. Major ones: Toronto, Vancouver, Kingston, Montreal, Quebec. Scientific institutions: Royal Society of K., Research Council on Social Sciences (all in Ottawa), Forestry, etc. x. several i. t. institutions. Major libraries: Parliamentary, Public, National, National Scientific (all in Ottawa), public libraries in Montreal and Toronto, as well as libraries in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver. K. National Museum in Ottawa, National Gallery, National Art Center, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto Art Gallery, Montreal Art Museum, Quebec City. Museum of the Province of Quebec, etc. there is
Press, radio and television. 114 daily gas in Canada. and 1200 weekly newspapers are published. About 300 gasses in the languages of ethnic groups (German, Italian, Chinese, etc.). and b. there are periodicals. The biggest ones: in English - "Globe eng meyl" ("The Post of the World", daily newspaper, from 1844), "Toronto-star" ("Toronto Star", daily newspaper, from 1892) , "Gazette" (daily gas., from 1778), "Ottawa Citizen" ("Ottawa Citizen", daily evening gas., from 1845), "Vancouver Sun" ("Vancouver Sun", daily evening gas., from 1886) etc. In French - "Devoir" ("Bourch", daily gazette, from 1910), "Press" ("Press", daily evening gazette, from 1884), "Soley" ("Sun", daily evening gas., from 1896) etc. "Canadian Labour" ("Canadian Trade Unions", monthly journal, in English and French, from 1956), "McLean's Canadian Weekly News", ("McLean's News of Canada", weekly journal, in English, 1905 from -y.) jur. comes out. The Canadian Press is a national news agency (founded in 1917). "Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" — CBI, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 1936. established in Broadcasting in 1926. from, TV show 1952. started from In total, 115 televisions and 575 radio stations work.
Literature. The oral art of Canadian indigenous people (Indians, Eskimos) has been passed down from generation to generation. Canadian literature was formed mainly in English (18th century) and French (19th century). Russian, Ukrainian, etc. literary works are also published in languages. Oral works of Indians and Eskimos were partially collected by English-Canadian writers (20th century). Poet Pauline Johnson (1862-1913) devoted her whole life to protecting the rights of Indians and developing their legends in a literary way. In general, the harsh conditions of colonial dependence hindered the development of national literature.
Literature in the English language was initially influenced by and inspired by English romanticism. The so-called Confederation poets wrote works about the beauty of nature and called for the unity of people of different nationalities living in Canada. 19-a. In the 2nd half of the century, historical novels developed. The satirist S. Leacock (1869-1944) became world famous by depicting the morals of Canadian townspeople, the rule of money, and the helplessness of the "little" man in his works. 20-a. Literary jur in the beginning. s, an early history and anthology of Canadian literature appeared. The Canadian Writers' Union was formed (1921), which united mainly English-Canadian writers. 20-a. From the middle of 40's critical realism developed. The heroes of realistic novels written by F. Grove are working people. The works of the realist writer M. Kellehen are imbued with the spirit of humanity and compassion for the people. H. McLennan called for unity among Canadians from England and France in his works ("Two Loneliness", 1945). 60-80s. The theme of many of his works is devoted to confusion in the life of the society. Issues such as Canadian issues and the situation of Indians and Eskimos are the focus of Canadian progressive writers.
Literature in French. During the period of French rule in Canada, works were written on religious themes. 19-a. in the end, a school of romantic poets was formed in Canada. Poet J. O. Cremady introduced the spirit of French romantic poetry to Canadian literature. Influenced by French romantics, including V. Hugo, L. O. Freshett, L. P. Leme created their works. F. de Gaspe's story "Ancient Canadians" in the 19th century. is the most important work of 20-a. patriarchal life and religiousness of peasants were glorified at the beginning. L. Emon's novel "Maria Shapdlen" enriched the literature of the colonial period with vivid images. 30th realism developed in 40's writers began to cover social issues. R. Lemlen satirically depicted church workers (novel "At the foot of the slope", 1944); Gabriel Rua showed the life of workers in the novel "Accidental Happiness". 50's in the prose of the 19th century, attention to spiritual experiences, to the feeling of alienation and loneliness in society increased (the works of I. Terio, E. Cloutier). Yu. Aken called on the French-Canadians to fight for national pride ("What happened in the coming days"). Poets of the 60s and 80s. tried to reflect the intellectual and creative life of his contemporaries. A. Granbois wrote works on the themes of love, life and death.
Architecture. Indians lived in basements, wigwams, and houses covered with leather or wood. 17-19 a. In the 1930s, the French brought to Eastern Canada the construction of houses with strong walls, steep roofs, hall-like buildings (with 1-2 towers at the front), and public buildings according to their traditions. During this period, such architects as J. Demer and T. Bayarje developed. In the part of Canada occupied by the British (18-19 centuries), the construction of buildings in the style of classicism (architect J. Merrick) developed from stone and stone. 19-a. cities with straight streets and low-rise buildings (Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto, Quebec) began to rise. Buildings were built in a mixed style based on the projects of architects E. Lennox, J. Lyle. 19-a. from the end of the 19th century, the influence of American architecture increased, and construction of high-rise public buildings and hotels began (architects such as F. Darling, J. Pearson).
20-a. from the middle, the old cities began to be rebuilt and expanded rapidly. Modern industrial and public buildings were built from reinforced concrete and steel (Toronto's Annecy Island and City Hall buildings, Montreal's Ville-Marie Square, the World's Fair, the Olympic complex, etc.). Cities were built on the basis of a single project, and comfortable residential areas were built around enterprises.
Fine art. Indian and Eskimo art has long been developed in Canada. The age of the Indians. his art consisted of wood carving, stone, bone, horn carving, feather and shell ornaments, hand weaving, needlework and deer wool embroidery, painting. 17-a. and after that, immigrants from Europe and the USA and their descendants contributed to this work. Eskimos made human and animal figurines from stone, bone and animal horns. Since the arrival of Europeans, Canadian visual arts have developed in a unique way under the influence of French and English art. 17-a. — 19-a. in their beginnings, portrait painting and religious painting appeared; wooden figurines, silver dishes, watercolor landscapes were created. 19-a. in the middle, painters (P. Kane, K. Krighof, H. Watson, H. Walker) created paintings depicting the life of peasants, views of the regions, and life of the Indians. 20-a. J. W. Morris, T. Thomson, J. Macdonald, A. Lizmer created works depicting the beautiful and charming nature of the northern latitudes.
Contemporary Canadian art includes modernism (A. Pellon, J. Riopel) as well as realism (J. Lemieux, T. Macdonald, F. Taylor, R. Pilo). Design and applied decorative arts (carving, carpet making, pottery) are developing. Woodcarving, Ukrainian-Iraqi, and Eskimo sculpture stand out in Halk's work.
Music has been an integral part of the life of indigenous peoples and immigrants since ancient times. Warrior, hunter songs, romantic songs typical of the Indians are joyful and expressive. 18-a. until the end, mainly church music was painting. 18-a. from the end, concerts began to be held. 19-a. in the beginning, opera performances were performed by amateurs. 19-a. In the 2nd half of European musicians, US opera troupes and symphony orchestras gave concerts in Canada. K. Lavalle, one of the first musical figures, created the national anthem "O, Canada". 19-a. end — 20th century. professional composers and musicians appeared at the beginning. 40's music began to develop rapidly. There are permanent opera troupes in Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg, the National Ballet in Ontario, the Classic Ballet in Ottawa, the Royal Ballet in Winnipeg, and about 30 permanent orchestras in various cities. Canadian music figures include composers such as M. Blackburn, J. Weinsweig, P. Mercure, conductors such as J. Beaudry, A. Brott, P. Dervo, singers such as L. Marshall, T. Stratas, E. Johnson, L. Simoneau, G. Musicians such as Gould, I. Handel are famous. There is the Canadian Association of Composers, Authors and Publishers. There are 8 higher music schools in Canada. In a number of cities, music schools and music clubs have been opened under the flour. 1965 An international music festival and competition of musicians-performers is held annually in Montreal. Theater. Indian rituals have elements of folk theater art. They used masks and dolls to perform religious ceremonies. Professional theater 17-a. began to develop in the provinces of Quebec and Acadia. Plays by P. Cornell, J. Racine, and J. Moliere were staged. 1606 Lescarbo's poetic play "Mask of the Sea" was staged at the "Neptune" theater in Port Royal. Indians and French participated in the performance. 1774 In Halifax, the first play from Canadian life - "Acadius, or love in the wilderness" was staged. 1825 The first permanent theater opened in Montreal. Canadian dramatists - J. Kenel, Ch. Hevisij, Ch. Meir's works were included. Montreal, Toronto, Victoria, Hamilton, Winnipeg. theaters were established. 19-a. 80's From the end of the 19th century to World War I, mobile professional theaters flourished. The Quebec and Halifax theater troupes included actors from the United States, France, and England, as well as Canadian actors. During this period, traveling professional theaters called "road" became widespread. 20-a. of the 20-30s. Many amateur troupes were organized in schools, clubs and churches. 40's professional theaters appeared in large cities at the end of the These include "Ride Ver" in Montreal, "Teetre Toronto" in Toronto, and "Citadel" in Edmonton. They include Shakespeare, Moliere, Turgenev, Chekhov, etc. plays will be staged. The process of creating a national theater culture is going on in the French-language theaters. Directed in Canada by M. Anglei, W. Huston, R. Massey. lar, K. Kolikos, L. Green, shch. Actors like King, Canada Reed are famous. There are drama departments at the National School of Theater Arts in Toronto, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Queens universities. "Canadian Theater" jur. (in English and French) will be published.
Cinema. 1898 An advertising film was shot by order of K.'s "Messy-Harris" film company. 1900 In 2010, the Canadian Bioscope film company created a series of films to interest immigrants to Canada. 1903 by G. Bradford. The series of films called "Life in Canada" also served this purpose. 1906 The first permanent movie theater opened in Montreal. 1914 The first Canadian feature film - "Evangelina" (directed by I. P. Sallyven, W. H. Kovano) was shot in Montreal. An American director who was interested in the nature of the Faroe Islands and the life of the Eskimos. R. Flaherty made the documentary "Nanuk - Child of the North" (1922) and made a significant contribution to the development of Canadian documentary cinema. The first Canadian sound film - "Viking" (dir. V. Frissell, J. Melford, 1931). On the decision of the national film art, director. J. Grierson made important contributions. 1939 A national council on cinema issues was established. It is a state-run documentary film i. Ch. managed the During the Second World War, the film series "Battle Harmony" became famous. 1952 The first color film "Etienne Brule, the Unsuccessful" was created. The films "City of Gold" (dir. K. Lowe), "Let Peace Continue", "Between the Sea and Freshwater" (dir. M. Bro) were created. 1970-90 years. Among the films released in the 1960s were "Blue Winter" (dir. A. Blanchard), "Why was the teacher shot" (dir. S. Naritsanno), "The Hunter" (dir. 3. R. Delen), "The Old Fox" ( dir. F. Borsos) can be shown. Interesting cartoons are also created in Canada. International film festivals are regularly held in Stratford, Montreal, and Vancouver. There are 1,400 cinemas, film archives and film libraries in Canada. The Canadian Film Academy awards the best films every year. Relations between Uzbekistan and Canada. Trade and economic relations between the two countries were established in 1996. began to increase slightly. 1998 Uzbekistan's exports to Canada consisted of sending services, ferrous metal and products made from it. Uzbekistan bought electrical equipment, plastic, glass, printing industry products, milk, meat and fish products from Canada. 1999 in the end, the turnover between the countries was 15.68 mln. amounted to US dollars. Exports from Uzbekistan to Canada have grown sharply, with a positive balance of 6.77 mln. reached USD. 1999 On June 17, the governments of both countries signed a convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of tax evasion on income and capital.
Various Canadian companies and non-profit organizations are very interested in participating in the launch of mineral raw materials and oil and gas fields of Uzbekistan. 1998 on joint geological study of Tandir area in Navoi region. Oct. Geol of Uzbekistan. and in the contract concluded between the state committee of mineral resources and "Hebron Fiord Resources Ink" company, the Canadian side will pay about 4.5 mln. It is planned to spend US dollars. The company's specialists began to carry out the specified work program. Tashkent Aviation i. Ch. Association of Canada "Pratt & Whitney" began to cooperate directly in the supply of PW-127 engines for Il-114 aircraft. In 1993, the Communications and Information Agency of Uzbekistan signed a contract with the Canadian company Nortel Telekom. has been cooperating since. The next 8 years. 29 mln. with this company. 8 contracts with the value of US dollars were implemented, and equipment was delivered to the Uzbek-American joint venture "Ozdunrobita".
The National Bank of Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan has established relations with several Canadian financial institutions. Cooperation has been established between the two countries in the field of education, science and technology, including sending students, graduate students, teachers and specialists to each other, improving their qualifications. 2000 in the Republic of Uzbekistan. 13 enterprises with participation of Canadian investors were registered at the beginning.