Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan uzbek state world languages university

CHAPTER 2. METHODS AND STRATEGIES OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION.
2.1 Basic methods of simultaneous interpretation.
Interpretation has constantly been evolving depending on organizational needs. Unlike translation which focuses on written communication, interpretation is all about verbal communication.
The three basic interpretation modes are simultaneous interpretation (SI), consecutive interpretation, and whispered interpretation.
However, modern linguists suggest that there are more than simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation, and whispered interpretation to interpretation modes. Ready to jump into the world of interpreting right away?
In this chapter, we discuss 8 key types of interpretation you can’t miss.
Remote simultaneous interpretation
Let’s start with the latest ones! Remote simultaneous interpretation (RSI) is the mode that is continuously getting more attention due to its remote applications.
Remote simultaneous interpreting is a way of delivering a verbal speech from a source language to a target language remotely. Remote simultaneous interpretation can be done entirely virtually or in a hybrid set-up, with some interpreters working in booths at the venue and others working remotely from home all at the same time. RSI platforms like Interactio also provide live statistics, dedicated support, event recordings, and more to boost user experience alongside remote interpreting.
We will now move to the most popular and widely used modes of interpreting. As previously mentioned, RSI is new and here to stay, but many other forms of interpreting are important for various occasions. Let’s get right into it!
Ever since its official introduction during the Nuremberg Trials in 1945/46 the profession of interpretation has gained growing importance as a means of multilateral communication. While in the early days consecutive interpretation (Cl) was the more dominant form of oral translation, the simultaneous form is the one mainly used today in conferences, negotiations, debates, and many other types of international communication. In a world of ever expanding international relations simultaneous interpretation "a remplace a la fOiS les Jinguae francae SUCCessives, latin OU fran~ais, et l'incommunicabilite de la Tour de Babel." (Lederer 1981, 16) [has replaced both, the successive lingua francae and the incommunicability of the Tower of Babel] (my translation) The view that "your rendering will naturally tend to be verbatim" (Garver 1976, 168) and that the simultaneous interpreter is "engaged upon the work of word-translation" (ibid.) reflects the attitude of the early days of SI that a word-for-word interpretation was the only possible way of translating a spoken message in one language simultaneously into another language. Much has changed since then and the following description of SI, its differences from 41 and similarities to translation and consecutive interpretation shall help to shed some light on the process of SI, its nature and goals. 'Translation' is sometimes used as a generic term, referring to the process or result of converting information from one language or language variety with the aim of reproducing the original features of the source language message by finding equivalents in the target language, subsuming any kind of translation in the written, spoken or signed mode. However, researchers tend to narrow the scope of 'translation' down to the written mode. In this form translation has existed for a very long time, applied to transform written texts (literary, poetic, philosophic, political, etc.,) in one language into written texts in another language. While documentary evidence of translation can be tracked back for two millennia (Bell 1993), its scientific status as an academic subject in our epoch was established mainly with the work of Nida (1964, 1966, 1974). Interpretation, in contrast to written translation, is used to refer to the spoken mode or sign language translation, i.e., a situation in which an interpreter translates a spoken or signed message, performed by the 'speaker' of one language, into an equivalent spoken or signed message in the language of the 'listener'. The translator of written texts is usually not in direct contact with either the producer/writer or receiver/reader of the text, whereas the interpreter is present as a mediator while information is exchanged in conferences, law courts, and other situations that demand direct communication between two parties that do not share a common language. Although the term 'interpretation' includes, as 42 has just been mentioned, the translation of spoken and signed languages, the term will be used in this thesis to refer to the spoken mode only, unless indicated otherwise.