Ministry of higher education, science and innovations of the republic of uzbekistan termiz state university

The positive face means trying to leave a good impression on the interlocutor, eagerness to be approved and showing that the interlocutor approves. This is the position that each participant in the conversation strives to take.
The negative face is the desire of the participants of the dialogue to have freedom of movement and not to allow the interference of others. The negative face represents the personal space of the speaking person, the totality of his thoughts, feelings, and information. In the research conducted by P. Brown and S. Levinson on English culture, it is seen that the negative face is more important than the positive face. Because in English culture, the negative face, that is, the principle of not putting pressure, expresses respect for the interlocutor. In this, the language is expressed with respect by using indirect language and expressions of apology. The key to successful communication is to save the faces of both interlocutors.
Also, in foreign linguistic literature, much attention was paid to the development of the theory of "politeness" (P. Brown, S. Levinson, 1987; B. Fraser, 1990; G. Kasper, 1996), because this category has a unique meaning in the process of communication. It was believed that there is However, in contrast to the previous works (P. Brown, S. Levinson, 1978, 1987), where the category of "politeness" was considered within the framework of sentences and phrases, researchers are now trying to study it at the level of speech (S. Mills, 2003; L.Mullany, 1999; C. Christie, 2002).
It should be noted that "Politeness" as a scientific term has been used in English linguistics (mainly in the West) since the 60s of the 20th century and has been formed as a separate field. The first studies conducted in this regard are the works of Californian Robin Lakoff, American P. Brown, British S. Levinson and Leach²⁸. Before proceeding directly to the analysis of linguistic material, let's consider what the concept of "politeness" is and what role it plays in English linguistic culture.
Following V.I. Karasik, we understand the concept as a multidimensional mental formation, including a value component²⁹. The linguoculturological concept is understood as "a conditional mental unit aimed at a comprehensive study of language, consciousness and culture"³⁰.
In English, the principle of politeness is implemented differently in speech acts. The speaker (addresser), trying to be polite, uses various linguistic and non-linguistic means to fulfill his communicative intentions. Assessing the risk of "losing face" and deciding whether or not to perform a speech act, the speaker chooses the form of expression of politeness - explicit, open, i.e. explicit or hidden, implicit, i.e. implied.
Hence, in a number of linguistic works it is proposed to distinguish between two types of linguistic politeness: explicit and implicit. Implicit politeness is difficult to describe in a language, since any statement that does not have any linguistic markers of politeness can perform the functions of politeness if it corresponds to the corresponding intentions of the speaker.
As Yu.D. Apresyan, “in many cases, the illocutionary function of the utterance is not marked by any proper linguistic means, but is restored by the addressee on the basis of extralinguistic knowledge about the structure of the world as a whole, about the current situation, about the postulates of cooperative communication”³¹.
By R. Rathmair's definition, explicit politeness is this is normal verbal and non-verbal behavior appropriate in a particular society (or in certain strata of it). Explicit courtesy consists in taking into account the conversion contract and other rules of pragmatic execution, that is, it can be described as compliance with existing norms. Language behavior appropriate to the situation is polite, deviation from it is impolite.
The expression of explicit politeness is determined by the rules of etiquette, which, being a stabilizing form of everyday communication, allow individuals at different levels of the hierarchy to maintain contact without losing their "face".³²
Implicit politeness, otherwise individual or informal politeness, are consciously applied strategies that allow the speaker to avoid damaging the image of the communication partner, contribute to the spontaneous maintenance of the image of the addressee and at the same time "self-presentation" of the speaker as a tactful and helpful member of society. This expression of politeness is both a sign of a characteristic of a person and a strategy that, supra-individually, depending on the pragmatic parameters of differences in status, distance, etc., becomes relevant for the addressee³³ and by taking care of the level of relationships contributes to a better achievement of communicative goals.
With such an expression of politeness, the essence is to choose between different language models of expressions that are most consistent with observing J. Leach's politeness maxims. The rules of implicit politeness are not only difficult to formulate, but also difficult to research, their observance is not mandatory, it is free, positively labeled and associated with such qualities as courtesy, friendliness, cordiality, tact, courtesy, etc. The localization of linguistic material is also not as unambiguous as with explicit politeness; the connecting element is usually indirectness³⁴.
Implicitness is changeable, as it depends on the situation, while explicitness is a constant property of structures formalized at the level of vocabulary, grammar and syntax. It should be noted that implicit and explicit politeness perform the same functions in communication as a whole and differ (except for forms of expression), perhaps, only in how they are evaluated by the communicants themselves.
In the case of implicit politeness, the speaker is completely free to choose means and can use both conventionalized and non-conventionalized (individual) means and strategies. Implicit politeness is characterized by informality, while explicit politeness can be both formal, conventionalized, and individual. In accordance with this, explicit politeness is regarded as a norm and at the same time as proof of good taste, and its absence is regarded as bad manners or, figuratively speaking, “non-belonging” of the speaker to a given group of society, to a given community.