Ministry of higher education, science and innovations of the republic of uzbekistan termiz state university

3.2-§. Using positive politeness expressions and sentence frames in e-mails
“Positive politeness is a redressive action oriented toward the positive Face of the hearer, the positive self-image that he claims for himself, and his desire that his wants should be thought of as desirable to at least some others.”⁹⁷
“Positive politeness is approach-based; it ‘anoints’ the face of the addressee by indicating that in some respects, the speaker wants the hearer’s wants (e.g. by treating him as a member of an in group, a friend, a person whose wants and personality traits are known and liked).”⁹⁸
Positive politeness is presented through exaggerated “normal linguistic behavior between intimates” such as shared knowledge, shared wants, reciprocal approval and interest in indicated wants. Hence it can be used as a social accelerator enabling the speaker to “come closer” to the hearer. As positive politeness is not restricted to a particular FTA, but it rather addresses the hearer’s self-image and his wants in general, we expect that it would occur in requests marginally.
The output strategies of positive politeness are grouped into three major categories:
a) Claim common ground: The first mechanism comprises so-called claiming common ground. With these strategies, the speaker shows that the speaker and hearer share specific wants, the speaker may thus express that he takes interest in the hearer’s wants, that both the speaker and the hearer share an in-group membership, or simply some sort of common perspective.
b) Convey that the speaker and the hearer are co-operators: The second type of positive politeness strategies portrays both the speaker and the hearer cooperatively involved in a common activity. These six strategies emphasize the speaker’s knowledge of the hearer’s wants, and certain reciprocity/reflexivity in the hearer’s and the speaker’s wants for themselves.
c) Fulfil the hearer’s want (for some X): The last strategy indicates the speaker’s willingness to redress the hearer’s face by offering to fulfil some of the hearer’s wants.
Claim common ground
1. Notice, attend to the hearer (his interests, wants needs, goods): You must be hungry, it’s a long time since breakfast. How about some lunch?
2. Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with the hearer): What a fantastic garden you have!; How absolutely marvellous/extraordinary/devastating/incredible!
3. Intensify interest to the hearer: I come down the stairs, and what do you think I see?—a huge mess all over the place, the phone’s off the hook and clothes are scattered all over...
4. Use in-group identity markers: Come here, mate/honey/buddy.
Use of in-group language or dialect
First call: Come here, Johnny.
Second call: John Henry Smith, you come here right away.
Use of jargon or slang:
In British English: Lend us two quid then, wouldja mate?
In American English: Lend us two bucks then, wouldja Mac?
Contraction and ellipsis: How about a drink?

6. 
   Seek agreement (Safe topics, Repetition):
   

A: I had a flat tyre on the way home.
B: Oh God, a flat tyre!
7. Avoid disagreement:
Token agreement
A: So, is this permanent?
B: Yeh, it’s ‘permanent’—permanent until I get married again.
Pseudo-agreement: I’ll meet you in front of the theatre just before 8.0, then.
The growth of the Internet and expansion of computer and mobile technologies have generated a communication revolution, with an increasing number of people interacting via a broad range of communication platforms, such as e-mail, text-chat, forums, blogs, wikis, etc. For the new “cyber” generation, communication with the help of digital technology, mobile phones in particular, is the predominant way of daily interaction. Example:

Dear Professor Johnson,
I was unable to attend class today due to a doctor’s appointment. When you have a moment, could please let me know what I missed and what homework I need to have completed for Friday?

Thank you,

Julia Smith

Etiquette letters are one of the types of business correspondence. Most often, they are written not for production needs, but in a situation where you need to pay attention to your partner. Like any type of letter, a letter of etiquette is drawn up on the letterhead of the organization, which is personally signed by the head. This type of business correspondence includes: 1) Letter of congratulation; 2) Letters on the occasion of the presentation; 3) Letter of apology; 4) Letter of regret; 5) Letter of invitation; 6) Letters on the occasion of departure; 7) Letter of condolence, letter of sympathy; 8) Presentation letter; 9) Image letters.

An invitation letter is one of the types of business correspondence, which is drawn up when it is necessary to invite one person to another in writing. The reason for writing an invitation letter can be various events, such as conferences, exhibitions, seminars, charity evenings, etc.
Korets G.B. believes that letters of invitation and responses to them are an integral part of business correspondence. Such letters are usually short with standard content. In private life, most invitations are received by us orally. However, there are a number of situations where a letter or printed card is the most appropriate way to invite people.
Invitations can be both formal and informal. Informal letters of invitation are written on the letterhead of the organization. The addressee has the right not to respond to such a letter, because it is sent in a mass mailing. Formal letters of invitation to a reception or business meeting can be sent either as a printed or engraved postcard, or as a standard letter on letterhead. In case of receiving a letter of this type, feedback is expected from the addressee. The response to the letter of invitation is always written in the third person.