Christopher Wren. Wren was part of a brilliant group of experimental scientists at
and Robert Hooke. This group held regular meetings at Wadham under the
among others by the future Cardinal Newman. The influence of the reformed
model of German university reached Oxford via key scholars such as Edward
The system of separate honour schools for different subjects began in 1802, with
Mathematics and Literae Humaniores.
In addition to these B.A. Honours degrees, the postgraduate Bachelor of Civil Law
(B.C.L.) was, and still is, offered.
[34]
Brasenose Lane in the city centre, a street onto which three colleges back –
Brasenose, Lincoln and Exeter.
Administrative reforms during the 19th century included the replacement of oral
examinations with written entrance tests, greater tolerance for religious dissent,
and the establishment of four women's colleges. 20th-century Privy Council
decisions (e.g. the abolition of compulsory daily worship, dissociation of the
Regius Professorship of Hebrew from clerical status, diversion of colleges'
theological bequests to other purposes) loosened the link with traditional belief and
practice. Furthermore, although the university's emphasis traditionally had been on
classical knowledge, its curriculum expanded in the course of the 19th century to
encompass scientific and medical studies. Knowledge of Ancient Greek was
required for admission until 1920, and Latin until 1960.
The University of Oxford began to award doctorates in the first third of the 20th
century. The first Oxford DPhil in mathematics was awarded in 1921.
[35]
At the start of 1914 the university housed approximately three thousand
undergraduates and about 100 postgraduate students. The First World War saw
many undergraduates and fellows join the armed forces. By 1918 virtually all
fellows were in uniform and the student population in residence was reduced to 12
per cent.
[36]
The University Roll of Service records that, in total, 14,792 members
of the university served in the war, with 2,716 (18.36 per cent) killed.
[37]
During
the war years the deserted university buildings became hospitals, cadet schools and
military training camps.
[36]
The mid-20th century saw many distinguished continental scholars, displaced by
Nazism and communism, relocating to Oxford.
The list of distinguished scholars at the University of Oxford is long and includes
many who have made major contributions to British politics, the sciences,
medicine, and literature. More than 50 Nobel laureates and more than 50 world
leaders have been affiliated with the University of Oxford.
[16]
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