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Tom: Okay, do that, but I still think we need to specifically mention that last issue. You 
know how I can’t stand the habit, so I’d like this to be another and separate point. 
Cigarettes! Strictly forbidden! And it’s important to include the ‘strictly’ here. We can’t 
pussyfoot around too much. Sometimes directness is necessary. 
Richard: Okay, I’ll write that... ‘for-bidd-en’ ... Okay. And what about cleaning duties? 
Anders is a little too relaxed about that. Dishes are sometimes not washed, dirty tea cups 
are left around the place, and so on. 
Tom: So, write ‘must do better!’ 
Richard: Yeahhhh, again Tom, he might take that personally, and it could cause a scene. 
I’d rather be general. 
I’ll write ‘must be done’ and I’ll tell him that that’s for everyone, not just him. Okay? 
Tom: Okay. As long as he gets the message. 
SECTION 2 
You will hear a first-aid officer talking to a group of factory workers about emergency 
first aid. 
Hello, everyone. Now, you know why I'm here. You all work in a factory, and in this 
environment, there always remains a significant possibility of accidents happening, in 
which case, first aid will be necessary. What is first aid? It is the provision of emergency 
on-site care when an injury occurs, and it is essential for everyone to know, if only 
simply, the steps which must be followed. 
There are, of course, minor injuries which may happen, not needing further medical care 
beyond the intervention of the first-aider, but you can never be sure, thus the following 
steps must always he followed. These can be abbreviated to the words. 'Dr ABC"— in 

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Nam Đỗ Blog | 
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other words. D — R— A —B—C . The 'D' stands for "danger", and that's the first issue 
to keep in mind. When an accident happens, immediately ascertain that the environment 
is safe — that, for example, nothing else will fall or break or cause accidents. If you, the 
first-aider, are also injured, the problem is even worse. The 'R' stands for "respond'. You 
must then ascertain the best response. Once all the danger has been eliminated, and the 
distress calls sent out, the appropriate action is, obviously, to help the injured parly. 
Alright, that leads to 'A', which stands for "airway". In order to stay alive, all people need 
to have an open airway to allow breathing. A conscious person will automatically clear 
their own airway, but if unconscious, this may not happen. The brain is stopped or 
hindered from properly directing the body and, obviously, in the worst case, death can 
result, for this reason, the injured person is normally put into the 'recovery' position — 
placed on the side, tilling the head back, and ensuring that there are no blockages in the 
mouth. To free any such blockages, the back can be slapped, or the chest compressed, 
allowing anything to be spat out. Now that the airway is free, cheek for 'B' or 'breathing'. 
If breathing is not happening, or is irregular, the fust-aider may have to assist with what is 
technically known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or more commonly. C P R. This 
involves breathing for the patient, through mouth-to-mouth contact, while periodically 
massaging the heart through compressions to the chest. This combination allows blood, 
and oxygen, to flow around the body, keeping the patient alive, hopefully until medics, 
such as doctors, advanced first-aiders, or ambulance staff, arrive. 
Now, it’s certainly good to have know ledge of emergency fust aid. but. obviously, the 
best situation is simply not to have accidents occur in the first place, for that, you need to 
be aware of safety issues, but just saying "be aware' does not usually achieve much. It is 
more important to have an appointed person whose job is to ensure awareness and work-
safety. Safely inspections would obviously be part of their job, whereby'they can make 
sure, for example, that the first-aid boxes are fully equipped. Another idea is to put 
posters on the walls, but. interestingly, research has proven that these lend to he ignored, 
becoming just part of the wallpaper—seen, but not put into practice. It is much better 

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