HEALTH EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
Human biology is a detailed and complicated study. Thus, for the purposes of
health education in schools, it is best approached from the point of view of function
rather than structure. The detailed anatomy and physiology of the heart and
circulation,
for instance, are not needed, but students should know that the heart's
function improves with use and that regular exercise is the best way to avoid distress
upon exertion. Thus, the basic knowledge required to live
a
healthy life is that
oxygen is supplied to the muscles by a partnership of lungs and heart,
the lungs
taking in a supply and the heart distributing it. Exercise involves a call for more
oxygen and, if the heart is not trained to deliver a full volume of blood with each
beat, the lungs must work harder to compensate. These simple facts can be
appreciated without the need for elaborate detail.
E X E R C I S E 1:
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
a)
involving many parts; not simple (two separate
words)
b) purpose for which something is used; role
c) way in which something is built, put together or
organized
d) movement of blood around the body
e) condition of being in great physical, mental or
emotional pain; suffering
f)
physical effort
g) main; most important
h) organs in the body that are used to produce
movement
i) relationship in which two or more things work
together
j) give or send out
k) be taught and given practice in; be given
experience of
I) take to the intended recipient or place
m) amount or quantity
n) regular rhythmical movement
o) do something that makes up for, or cancels out,
the bad effect of something else
p) involving and paying a lot of attention to all the
different parts
270 • ELS
EXERCISE 2:
Choose the correct answer according to the passage.
1. The writer mentions heart and circulation
A)
because they are the most important structures in the human body
B) since students have great difficulty understanding their relationship
C) in order to illustrate the extent to which students should be taught human
biology
D) as these parts of the body are frequently damaged by excessive exercise
E) as examples of the areas in which health education is lacking
2. We can infer from the passage that by training the heart
A)
people can expect to live much longer
B) we become capable of doing more complicated activities
C) the lungs' function in the partnership becomes virtually redundant
D) people can easily survive with a single lung
E) we can prevent the lungs from overworking
3. According to the passage, health education in schools should be
A)
detailed
B) functional
C) anatomical
D) structural
E)
physiological
EXERCISE 3:
Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 1.
1.
We expect your company to
us for all the inconvenience you have
caused us over the past month.
2. The
aim of the charity is to provide shelter for homeless people.
3. As the cat seemed to be in some
, we took it to the veterinarian.
4. The company has been doing a much greater
of foreign trade since
the customs regulations were relaxed.
5. A number of volunteers were in the market place
leaflets to passersby.
ELS • 271
APOLLO 13
Apollo 13 was an American space mission in 1970, part of the Apollo program. It was
intended to be the third mission to land on the Moon.
An oxygen tank in the Service Module exploded while the spacecraft was on its way to
the Moon, requiring the mission to be aborted: the Moon landing was cancelled and only a
single pass around the Moon was made. Considerable ingenuity under extreme pressure was
required from both the crew and the ground controllers to figure out how to jury-rig the craft for
the crew's safe return, with much of the world watching the drama on television.
Reentry into the Earth's atmosphere required the unusual step of undocking the lunar
module, which had been retained for the flight back to Earth, in addition to the separation of
the damaged service module. The lunar module had remained attached to the spacecraft to
provide emergency propulsion and life support. The crew returned unharmed to the Earth.
In the wake of the near-disaster, NASA appointed a review board
under the leadership of
Edgar M. Cortright, director of Langley Research Center, to investigate the Apollo 13 accident.
After some three months of study, the cause of the explosion was traced to two inadequate
thermostatic switches in an oxygen-tank heater assembly. Dysfunction of the switches under
load caused overheating that led to an insulation fire, and the subsequent blast tore a side
panel from the service module and disabled the fuel cells. Other defects in manufacture and in
testing procedures were also found. Further Apollo flights were delayed until 1971 so that
modifications could be made to prevent similar incidents.
Jim Lovell, who was one of the crew members, wrote a book about the mission,
Lost
Moon,
which was later turned into a successful movie, "Apollo 13", starring Tom Hanks.
E X E RC I S E 1:
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
a)
stop before something is completed
b) large or relatively large in amount or degree
c) skill in inventing things or in working out plans
d) workout
(phrase)
e) fix something that has broken away temporarily
using whatever materials are available, but not
necessarily the
right materials
f) (of spaceships) the separation of a part of a
spaceship in space
g) continue to keep something, especially when
useful
h) power that moves something, especially a
vehicle, in a forward direction
i) following after something, often as a result of
the first thing
(phrase)
j) a group of experts who
meet for a common
purpose
k) go back over again to discover the reason for
something
I) not enough; insufficient; not good enough
m) a small control for an electrical device which
you use to operate it
n) something which has been fitted together as
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