3. I l- r a s m .
A so siy
k ondensator-b ugM atg ich:
/ — korpus;
2 —
qobiq;
3 —
quvurlar.
112
a p p a r a t l a r i g a yub o ri l ad i . B u n d a y hoi at k o n d e n s a t o r n i n g quvurl ar i
d o i m o s u yu q l i k b il an t o ‘ldirilgan b o ‘l g a n d a s o d i r b o ‘ladi; «quruq»
r c j i m d a es a q u v u r l a r i c h id a q a t t i q asetilen ajral ib chiqishi m u m k i n .
K o n d e n s a t o r - b u g ‘l a t g i c h n i n g ma r k a z i y q i s m i d a s uy u q kisl orodni
a s e t i l e n d a n t o z a l a b t ur i sh u c h u n uni b o s h q a a p p a r a t l a r g a y ub or i sh
u c h u n t es hi kl ar i b o ‘lgan q u v u r l a r o ‘r natil gan.
S h u n d a y qilib, k o n d e n s a t o r - b u g ‘l at gi chda b u g 1 holidagi a z ot ni
bosi mi yu qo r i va s uy u q kislorodni bosi mi esa a k s i n c h a , past bo' l ga n i
sababli, b u g 1 holidagi azot g a r ch a n d uni kondensa t l anish t emperaturasi
kislorodnikiga q ar a g an da past t cmp e r at ur a n i tashkil etsa-da, suyuqlikka
o ‘tadi. B unga asosiy sabab, b i r i n c h i d a n , suyuq kislorodni b u g ‘lanishi
j ar a y on i d a hosil b o' l uv c h i sovuqlik va ikkinchi sabab — bu h a m b o ‘lsa,
b u g 1 holidagi a z ot ni bosimi yuqori boMgani u c h u n u ni ng k o nd e n s a t -
lanishi t e m p e r a t u r a s i n i m a ’l u m da r aj a d a kohar ilishi dir .
3.9. H A V O N I A J R A T I S H Q U R I L M A S I
M A H S U L O T L A R I NAVLARI
M a h s u l o t n i n g navi sh u ma h su lo td ag i asosiy k o m p o n e n t l a r miqdori
bilan bel gi l an a d i . H a v o n i ajratish qu ri l ma l ar i m a h s u l o t sifatida q u y i
dagi m o d d a l a r n i ishl ab c hi qa r i s hi m u m k i n : a z o t, kislorod va inert
gazlar. U l a r g a z h o l i d a q u yi da gi shartli bel gilar b il an belgilanadi lar :
A — azot ; t oz a azot n o m i bilan ikki xil navda: 99 , 9 98 % N , va 99, 98%
N , ishlab c h i q a r i ls a , ki sl or od esa quyi dagi n a v l a r d a ishlab c h i q a r i
ladi: К — t e x n i k ki sl or od 9 9 , 5 % O , va K, — t e x n o l o g i k kislorod
9 2 - 9 5 % 0 2.
«Iflos» a z o t — yirik h a v o n i ajratish q u r i l m a l a r i n i n g t a s h l an d i q
gaz idi r. Bu g a z past t e m p e r a t u r a (93 К a t r o f id a ) b o ‘lgani u c h u n
q ur i l ma ichi dagi h a r xil a p p a r a t l a r d a u n i n g sovuqligidan foydalaniladi
va plyus 291 К — 293 К a t r o f i d a a t m o s f e r a havos iga t a s h l a n i b y u b o
riladi va h oz i r g a c h a m a h s u l o t sifatida h e c h bir j o y d a f oydalanilmaydi.
I ne r t g a z l a r d a n A r — a r g o n 9 9 , 8 % Ar, t e x n i k k r i p t o n 8 0 —95%
( K r + Xe) va h o k a z o l a r ishlab chiqar i lishi m u m k i n .
G O S T 5 5 8 3 - 7 8 b o ‘y i c h a t e x n i k ki sl or o dn i 3 xil navi ishlab c h i
qar il adi: t e x n i k k i s l o r o dn i n g 1 - na vida k i s l o r o dn i n g h a j mi y ulushi
9 9 , 7 % d a n k a m b o ‘l m a y d i ; 2 - n a v i d a — 9 9, 5 % О , e n g k a m i d a va 3-
n a v i d a — 9 9 , 2 % 0 2 d a n k a m bofimasligi t a ’m i n l a n i s h i l ozi m.
T e x n i k k i s l o r o d d a n t a s h qa r i, t ibbiyot kislorodi h a m ishlab c h i -
q a r i l m o q d a . T i bb i yo t kislorodi kislorod b o ' y i c h a e n g kat ta mi q d o r g a
ega b o ‘lishi sh ar t.
Ho z ir gi d a v r d a e l e k t r e n e rg i ya sarfi 1 m 3 t e x n o l o g i k ( 95% 0 2)
k i sl or od u c h u n 0.53 kvt-soat, 1 m 3 t o z a a z o t u c h u n esa — 0, 09
8 -
113
kvt-soatni tashki l et ad i . 0 ‘z b e k i s t o n d a hozirgi d a v r d a g a z holidagi
a z o t b a l l o n l a r d a G O S T 9 2 9 3 - 7 4 ; s uy u q az ot T U U z 6 . 3 - 4 5 - 9 0 , gaz
h ol idagi k i s lo ro d T U U z 6 . 3 - 7 0 - 9 0 s t a n d a r t va t e x n i k s h ar o i t l a r
b o ‘y i c h a i shl ab c h i q a r i l m o q d a .
Hozir gi z a m o n havoni ajratish qu r i l ma l ar i h a v o tarki bidagi siyrak
i nert gazlar: a r g o n , k r i p t on , k s e n o n , n e o n l a r n i va b o s h q a l a r n i h a m
ishlab c h i q a r i sh i m u m k i n . Bu m a q s a d l a r u c h u n h a v o aj ra t ish qu ri l -
m as i ga q o ‘s h i m c h a u s k u n a l a r o T n a t i l a d i ; u l a r u yoki bu g a z l a r b ir -
l a m c h i k o n s e n t r a t i n i ol ishga x i z m a t qiladi va q o ‘s h i m c h a m i n o r a d a
ker akli k o n s en t r a t s i y a d a g i s h u g az ishlab c h i qa r i l a d i.
H a v o ajratish q u r i l m a s i n i n g yuq o ri da g i m a h s u l o t l a r i s uy u q h o l da
q u y id a g i ch a shartli belgi lar bilan bel gil anadi: As — s uy u q az ot; Ks —
s u y u q ki sl or od, Ars — s u y u q ar gon.
Ya q i n yillarga q a d a r 0 ‘z b e ki s t o n k i m y o s a n o a t i ma s hi na s oz l i gi ,
q ol av er sa , deya r l i b a r c h a s a n o a t k o r x o n a l a r i b e t o ‘xtov i shlashi ni
t a ’m i n l a s h g a m a ’l u m d a r a j a d a g ‘ov b o ‘lib k e l ga n m u a m m o l a r d a n
biri — bu gazli p a y v a n d l a s h j a r a y o n i n i a m a l g a os hi ri sh u c h u n z a r u r
b o ‘lgan, M a r k a z i y O s i y on i ng k o ‘p c h i l i k d a v l a t l a r i d a n met al l b a l l o n
l ar da b o s i m o s t i d a keltiril adigan i nert gaz m u a m m o s i edi. M us t a q i l -
l ikning dast labki y i l l a r i d an o q R e s p u b l i k a m i z k i m y o s an o a t i rivojiga
k o ‘r s a t i l a y o t g a n k a t t a a m a l i y c h o r a - t a d b i r l a r t uf ayl i d a v l a t i m i z
h u d ud i d a g i h avo ajratish quri lmal ari tuzil ishiga z a m o n a v i y yangi tex-
n o lo g iy a l a r kiritilishi nat ij asi da 0 ‘z b e k i st o n a r g o n ishlab c h i q a r i s h
b o ‘y i c h a k a t t a y u tu q l a r g a erishdi.
3. 10. A Z O T , K I S L O R O D VA I N E R T GAZL AR I S H LA B
C H I Q A R I S H J A R A Y O N I N I N G T E X N I K - I Q T I S O D I Y
K O ‘R S A T K I C H L A R I
Xa lq x o ‘jaligi, x u su sa n , k i m y o s a n o a t i d a h a m ishl ab c h i q a r i l a
y o t g a n h a r q a n d a y m a h s u l o t t a n n a r x i bir q a t o r s a r f - x a r a j a t l a r va
o mi l l ar g a b o g ‘liqdir. S a r f - x ar a j a t l a r n i n g k a t t a g i n a ul ushi ni deyarli
b a r c h a ki my o vi y m a h s u l o t l a r ishlab c h i q a r i s h d a s a r f l a n a y o t g a n x o m
a sh y o t ashki l etadi.
Bog‘l a n g a n az ot m a h s u l o t l a r i ishlab c h i q a r i s h u c h u n e n g z a r u r
b o ‘lgan a z o t , k i sl or od va e l e k t r t ex n i k a va e l e k t r o n i k a h a m d a bir
q a t o r xalq x o ‘jaligi s ohal ar i u c h u n ke r ak b o ‘l gan i nert ga z la r ishlab
c h i q a r i s h u c h u n c h e k l a n m a g a n m i q d o r d a g i a t m o s f e r a havosi d a s t
labki x o m a s h y o sifatida ishlatiladi.
S h u n i a l o h i d a t a ’kidlash ker akki , h a v o n i aj ratish q u r i l m a l a r i d a
ishl at il adigan bu x o m a s h y o d u ny o d a g i b a r c h a x o m a s h y o l a r d a n farqli
o ‘l aroq t e k i n d ir . T o ‘g ‘ri, bu h a v o n i c h a n g , n a m l i k , u g l e r o d dioksidi
va s h u n g a o ‘x sh as h a r a l a s h m a l a r d a n t o z a l a s h u c h u n m a ’l u m m i q -
114
d o r d a xar ajatlar qilinadi; a m m o , bu xarajatlar j u d a o z m i q d o r d a b o ‘lib
u l a r ishl ab c h i q a r i l a y o t g a n a z o t , ki sl or od va b o s h q a m a h s u l o t l a r
t a nna r xi ga u n c h a l i k t a ’sir k o ‘rsatmaydi. S h u n d a y qilib, havoni ajratish
q u r i l m a l a r i n i n g m a h s u l o t l a r i t a n na r x i as os an, q o ‘llani layot gan qur i l-
m a l a r n i n g c h u q u r sovuql ik hosil qilish u c h u n qaysi siklni i shlatgani,
q u ri l ma n i n g u n um d o r l i g i , q a n d a y turdagi va agregat holdagi mahs ul ot
ishl ab c h i q ar i s h g a , e l e k t r e n e rg iy a b a h o s ig a , q u r i l m a n i n g a v t o m a t -
l a s ht ir i lga nl ik dar aj asi ga va h o k a z o o mi l l ar i ga b o g ‘liqdir. Ma s a l a n ,
ishl ab c h i q a r i l a y o t g a n 1 m 3 t o z a a z o t ( 9 9 . 9 9 % N 2) t a n n a r x i G - 6 8 0 0
t ipidagi q u r i l m a d a g i g a q a r a g a n d a B R - 6 va B R - 9 q u r i l m a s i d a mos
r a vis hda 1,5 va 1,7 m a r t a a r z o n . B u n g a asosiy s a b a b , b i zn i n g hi sob-
larga q a r a g a n d a h a v o b o ‘y i c h a u n u m d o r l i k B R - 6 va B R - 9 tipidagi
q u r i l m al a r i d a G - 6 8 0 0 q u ri lma s ig a q a r a g a n d a m o s r a vishda 6,3 m a r t a
va 12,4 m a r t a , a k s i n c h a k at t a eka nl i g i da d i r.
X u d d i s h u s ab a b l a r g a b i n o a n t ex n o l og i k ki sl or od ( 95 % 0 2) va
t e x n i k k is l o r od ( 9 9 , 5 % 0 2) n i ng t a n n a r x l a r i K t - 3 6 0 0 t ipidagi quri l-
m a g a q a r a g a n d a B R - 2 t ip id a gi h a v o a j ra t i sh q u r i l m a s i d a ishlab
c h i q a r i l g a n d a m o s r a vi sh da 1,8 m a r t a va 1,9 m a r t a kichi kdi r. Ha vo
ajratish m a h s u l o t l a r i t a n n a r x i g a n a f aq a t q u r i l m a n i n g u n u m d o r l i g i -
n i n g k a t t a l i g i , b al ki b i r q a t o r b o s h q a s a r f - x a r a j a t l a r h a m t a ’sir
k o ‘rsatadi. U l a r 3 . 5 -j a d v al d a k o 'r sa til ga n.
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