K IR ISH
M u sta q il 0 ‘z b e k is to n R esp u b lik asi xalq x o ‘ja lig id a , a y n iq sa qish -
lo q x o ‘j a lig id a k im y o s a n o a ti m u h i m rol o ‘y n a y d i. O xirgi y illarda
x o m a s h y o b a z a s in i m a h a lliy re s u rs la r h is o b ig a k e n g a y tir is h j a d a l
r iv o j l a n m o q d a . T a b iiy m in e r a l m a te r ia ll a r d a n ib o ra t x o m a s h y o la r n i
kim yoviy y o ‘l bilan qayta ishlash k a tta a h a m iy a t kasb e tm o q d a . O ltin -
g u g u r t, o l tin g u g u r t k o l c h e d a n i , o h a k t o s h , o sh tu z i,
fosfa tla r, p o li-
m in e r a l m a ’d a n l a r va g az x o m a s h y o s i (tab iiy , y o ‘l - y o ‘lak ay va koks
g a z la ri), s h u n i n g d e k h a v o a z o tin i q a y ta ishlash y o ‘li b ila n sin te tik
a m m i a k , a z o tli, fosforli, kaliyli va k o m p le k s o ‘g ‘itla rn i ishlab c h iq a -
riladi. N o o r g a n i k tu z la r n i ru d a la r d a n ishlab c h iq a r a d ig a n sulfat, azot,
fo s fo r k islo ta la ri va k a u stik h a m d a k a lsiy la sh tirilg a n s o d a o lin ad i.
Q o ‘l l a n m a d a y u q o r i d a s a n a b o ‘tilg a n ishlab c h i q a r i s h aks ettiril-
g a n b o ‘lib, b u l a r ene rgiya texno lo g ik
sxem alarga aso sla n g a n , bu yerda
k im y o v iy ja r a y o n l a r n i n g e n e rg iy a s id a n t o ‘liq fo y d a la n ish u stid a h a m
y angi fik rlar b a y o n e tilgan.
K ito b d a k a t t a b o ‘lin m a s quvvatli a g r e g a tla r tavsifiga k a tta e ’tib o r
b e r ilg a n , c h u n k i b a r c h a ishlab c h iq a r i s h l a r d a u l a r ishlab c h iq a r ish
u n u m d o rlig in i o sh irad i, so lish tirm a m a b la g ‘ni va m a h s u lo t ta n n a rx in i
k a m a y tira d i.
M in e r a l o ‘g ‘itla r va n o o r g a n ik t u z l a r s a n o a ti a tm o s f e r a g a c h i q a
ra d ig a n va s u v la rg a tu s h a d ig a n za rarli m o d d a l a r n i q isq a rtiris h y o ‘li
b ila n m u v a ffa q iy a tli riv o jla n ish n i aks e ttiris h g a u r i n i b k o ‘rilgan.
H o z irg i v a q t d a M a r k a z iy O siyo d a v la tla ri ic h id a R e s p u b lik a m iz -
d a e n g k o ‘p su lfa t k is lo ta ish lab c h i q a r i la d i. ( O l m a l i q t o g ‘- k o n
m e ta llu r g iy a k o m b i n a t i, O lm a liq « A m m o fo s» ish lab c h iq a r is h bir-
lashm asi, S a m a r q a n d
kim y o zavodida, C h irc h iq « E lektrkim yo» O c h iq
a k s iy a d o r lik ja m i y a t i , N a v o iy t o g ‘- k o n m e ta llu rg iy a k o m b i n a t id a ,
M u b o r a k g a z n i q a y ta ishlash k o m b i n a t id a va h o k a z o ) .
T a b iiy o l t i n g u g u r t n i n g a so siy k o n la ri A Q S H , Ita liy a , P o ls h a ,
Y a p o n iy a , R o ssiy a , T u r k m a n i s t o n , 0 ‘z b e k is to n ( S h o ‘rsu v )d a , A r-
m a n i s t o n d a j o y la s h g a n .
Q o ‘l l a n m a d a q u vvati k a tta b o 'l g a n a g r e g a tla r g a a lo h i d a e ’tib o r
berilgan. U la r n i a m a liy o tg a jo riy etish m e h n a t
u n u m d o r lig in i, kapital
m a b l a g ‘lar sa rfin i, m a h s u l o t t a n n a r x in i k a m a y tir is h g a olib k elishga
im k o n b e r a d i. S h u n in g d e k , p a st sifatli fosfori k a m b o ‘lgan ru d a la r n i
iq tiso d iy s a m a r a li ishlash y o ‘llari h a m k o ‘rs a tilg a n . Bu esa o ‘z n a v -
b a tid a fo s fo r o ‘g ‘itlari ishlab c h iq a r ish u c h u n x o m a s h y o zax irasin i
k e n g a y tir is h g a olib keladi.
M in e r a l o ‘g ‘itla r va n o o r g a n ik t u z l a r ishlab c h iq a r is h s a n o a tin in g
riv o jla n ish i a tm o s f e r a g a z a h a rli m o d d a l a r n i c h i q a r i s h n i k a m a y tiris h
va b u s a n o a t evaziga hosil b o i g a n o q o v a s u v la rn i t o z a l a m a s d a n
m uvaffaqiyatli rivojlantirib b o ‘lmasligi k o ‘rsatilgan. M a sa la n , ch iq in d i
g a z la rn i a z o t kislo ta o lis h d a a z o t o k s i d l a r i d a n k a ta litik t o z a la s h n i
q o ‘llab bu g a z la rn i to z a la s h m u a m m o s i y e c h ilg a n i k o ‘rsa tilgan. A m -
m ia k li se litra va k a r b a m i d se x id a g a z fa zasin i to z a l a s h d a d o n a l a s h -
tirish m i n o r a s i d a n c h i q a r i b ta s h l a s h u c h u n s a m a r a l i s k r u b b e r l a r
o 'r n a t il g a n . Sulfat k islo ta ishlab c h i q a r i s h d a x o m a s h y o d a n f o y d a la
n is h k o e f f i ts i e n ti n i o s h i r u v c h i v a se z ila rli d a r a j a d a a t m o s f e r a g a
c h iq a rib y u b o rila d ig a n g a z la rn in g s a n ita r to z a lig in i yengillash tiru v ch i
S 0 2 q o ‘sh k o n ta k tla s h tir u v c h i va q o ‘sh a b s o r b siy a lo v c h i
tiz im jo riy
q ilin g a n . F o s f o r k is lo ta n i, fosforli va m u r a k k a b o ‘g ‘itla rn i o lis h d a
c h iq in d i g a z la rn i z a r a r s iz la n tir is h d a , f t o r va fo sfo g ip s d a n fo y d a la -
n ish g a k a t t a e ’t i b o r b e r ilg a n . S h u n in g d e k suv h a v z a la ri iflo sla n ish i-
n in g o ld in i o lish b o ‘y i c h a t a d b i r l a r a m a l g a o s h ir ilg a n . M a s a la n ,
d o n a la s h tir ilg a n s u p e r fo s fa tla r n i ishlab c h i q a r i s h d a o q o v a siz j a r a y o n
q o ‘llangan. A m m ia k ishlab c h iq a r is h d a va q is m a n sulfat kislota ishlab
c h i q a r i s h d a suv
0
‘rn ig a h a v o bilan so v itis h n i q o ‘llash bu ishlab c h i
q a r is h la r d a suv ish la tis h n i, d e m a k suv h a v z a la r in in g
iflo slan ish in i
k a m a y tir is h n i t a ’m in la s h g a erish ilg an .
Q oM lanm ada m ualliflar za m o n a v iy ja r a y o n la r n i aks ettirishga u rin -
g a n la r . A m m o k i t o b n in g h a jm i c h e g a r a l a n g a n l i g i va m a v z u n i n g
kengligi m u q a r r a r m a te r ia ln i b a y o n e tish ig a t a ’sir k o ‘rsa td i, b iro q
q o ‘ll a n m a m a ’ru z a k o n s p e k tig a o ‘xshashligi b ila n ajralib tu r a d i. S h u
m u n o s a b a t b ila n m u a llif la r o ‘qu v q o ‘l l a n m a n i y a x sh ila sh b o ‘y ic h a
k o ‘rs a tilg a n k a m c h i l i k l a r b a r t a r a f e tilis h in i m a m n u n l i k b ila n k u tib
oladi.
0 ‘q u v q o ‘l l a n m a n i n g b i r i n c h i q is m i t e x n i k a f a n la r i d o k t o r i ,
p ro f e s s o r T .A . O t a q o ‘ziyev, ik k in c h i q ism i t e x n i k a fa n la ri n o m z o d i ,
d o t s e n t S h .A . Y a k u b o v , u c h i n c h i q is m i t e x n i k a f a n la r i d o k t o r i ,
p ro f e s s o r F . M . M irza y ev t o m o n i d a n y o z ilg a n .
4