Nouns. Semantic groups and grammatical categories. The category of determination. The problems of the article



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seminar 6

my father’s room
) and a few others (those denoting units of time, e. g. 
this 
year’s elections
, and also some substantivized adverbs, e. g. 
yesterday’s news
). It should also be 
noted that this limitation is not too strict and there seems to be some tendency at work to use the 
s-genitive more extensively (e. g. 
a work’s popularity

the engine’s life
). The other problem with 
the possessive case is the possibility in Modern English of such expressions as 
Smith and Brown’s 
office

the King of England’s residence

the Oxford professor of poetry’s lecture
, etc in which the 
-‘

refers to the whole group of words. In such collocations as 
somebody else’s child

nobody else’s 
business 
the word immediately preceding the -‘

inflection is an adverb which could not by itself 
have the possessive (genitive) case form. Formations of this kind are not rare. In Sweet’s famous 


example, 
the man I saw yesterday’s son
, the -‘

inflection refers to the whole attributive clause. 
All these phenomena give rise to doubts about the existence of a traditional morphological case 
system in Modern English, in particular about the form in -‘

being a case form at all. 
The problem of case in Modern English has been variously interpreted by many scholars, both in 
this country and elsewhere. M. Y. Blokh says that four special views should be considered as 
essential in the analysis of this grammatical phenomenon. The first view called “the theory of 
positional cases” is directly connected with old grammatical tradition and can be found in the 
works of J. C. Nesfield, M. Deutschbein, M. Bryant and some other scholars. According to them, 
the English noun, on the analogy on classical Latin grammar, could distinguish, besides the 
inflectional genitive case, also the noninflectional, i. e. purely positional cases: nominative, 
vocative, dative, and accusative. The prerequisite for such an interpretation is the fact that the 
functional meanings rendered by cases can be expressed in language by non-morphological means, 
in particular, by word-order. The second view is called “the theory of prepositional cases”. It is 
also connected with the old school grammar teaching and was advanced as a logical supplement 
to the positional view of the case. In accord with the prepositional theory, combinations of nouns 
with prepositions in certain collocations should be understood as morphological case forms. To 
these belong first of all the dative case (
to 
+noun, 
for 
+ noun) and the genitive case (
of 
+ noun). 
These prepositions, according to G. Curme, are “inflectional prepositions” equivalent to case 
inflections. The prepositional cases are taken, by the scholars who recognize them, as coexisting 
with positional cases together with the classical inflectional genitive (possessive) completing the 
case system of the English noun. 
The third view of the English noun case recognizes a limited inflectional system of two 
cases in English: the common case and the possessive (genitive) case. The limited case theory is 
most broadly accepted among linguists. It was developed by such scholars as H. Sweet, O. 
Jespersen. In the works of A. I. Smirnitsky and L. S. Barkhudarov it is presented as an oppositional 
system, the genitive form marked with the -‘

inflection being the strong member of the categorical 
opposition, the common, or the non-genitive form being the weak member. The limited case theory 
applies to the noun-forms with the -‘

inflection; the specific word-combinations of the type 
Smith 
and Brown’s office

somebody else’s daughter
, etc, where the -‘

refers to the whole phrase, are 
not taken into consideration. 
The forth view of the problem of the English noun cases treats the English noun as having lost the 
category of case in the course of its historical development. All the noun cases, including genitive, 
are regarded as extinct. The only existing case inflection -‘

is described by the proponents of this 
approach (G. N. Vorontsova and some other scholars) as a specific postpositional element — the 
possessive postposition. One cannot but acknowledge the rational character of this reasoning; it is 
based on the careful observation of the linguistic data. For all that, however, the theory of the 
possessive postposition fails tom take into account the inflectional nature of the -‘
s
. We have 
considered theoretical aspects of the problem of case of the English noun. As a result of the 
analysis, we may come to the conclusion that the inflectional case of nouns in English has 
practically ceased to exist. The remaining two-case system has a limited application in the 
expression of various case relations in Modern English. The personal pronouns in English are 
commonly interpreted as having a case system of their own, quite different from that of nouns. 
The two cases traditionally recognized here are the nominative case (
I

you

he
, etc.) and 
the objective case (
me

you

him
, etc). Names of subjects, diseases, and games, such as 
linguistics

mathematics

physics

mumps

billiards
, etc are always in the singular. Collective nouns and nouns 
of multitude. These are nouns denoting groups of human beings (
family

folk


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