example,
the man I saw yesterday’s son
, the -‘
s
inflection refers to the whole attributive clause.
All these phenomena give rise to doubts about the existence of a traditional morphological case
system in Modern English, in particular about the form in -‘
s
being a case form at all.
The problem of case in Modern English has been variously interpreted by many scholars, both in
this country and elsewhere. M. Y. Blokh says that four special views should be considered as
essential in the analysis of this grammatical phenomenon. The first view called “the
theory of
positional cases” is directly connected with old grammatical tradition and can be found in the
works of J. C. Nesfield, M. Deutschbein, M. Bryant and some other scholars. According to them,
the English noun, on the analogy
on classical Latin grammar, could distinguish, besides the
inflectional
genitive case, also the noninflectional, i. e. purely positional cases: nominative,
vocative, dative, and accusative. The prerequisite for such an interpretation
is the fact that the
functional meanings rendered by cases can be expressed in language by non-morphological means,
in particular, by word-order. The second view is called “the theory of prepositional cases”. It is
also connected with the old school grammar teaching and was advanced as a logical supplement
to the positional view of the case. In accord with the prepositional theory, combinations of nouns
with prepositions in certain collocations should be understood as morphological case forms. To
these belong first of all the dative case (
to
+noun,
for
+ noun) and the genitive case (
of
+ noun).
These prepositions, according to G. Curme, are “inflectional prepositions” equivalent to case
inflections. The prepositional cases are taken, by the scholars who recognize them, as coexisting
with positional cases together with the classical inflectional genitive (possessive) completing the
case system of the English noun.
The third view of the English noun case recognizes a limited inflectional system of two
cases in English: the common case and the possessive (genitive) case. The limited case theory is
most broadly accepted among linguists. It was developed by such scholars as H. Sweet, O.
Jespersen. In the works of A. I. Smirnitsky and L. S. Barkhudarov it is presented as an oppositional
system, the genitive form marked with the -‘
s
inflection being the strong member of the categorical
opposition, the common, or the non-genitive form being the weak member. The limited case theory
applies to the noun-forms with the -‘
s
inflection; the specific word-combinations of the type
Smith
and Brown’s office
,
somebody else’s daughter
, etc, where the -‘
s
refers to the whole phrase, are
not taken into consideration.
The forth view of the problem of the English noun cases treats the English noun as having lost the
category of case in the course of its historical development. All the noun cases, including genitive,
are regarded as extinct. The only existing case inflection -‘
s
is described by the proponents of this
approach (G. N. Vorontsova and some other scholars) as a specific postpositional element — the
possessive postposition. One cannot but acknowledge the rational
character of this reasoning; it is
based on the careful observation of the linguistic data. For all that, however, the theory of the
possessive postposition fails tom take into account the inflectional nature of the -‘
s
. We have
considered theoretical aspects of the problem of case of the English noun.
As a result of the
analysis, we may come to the conclusion that the inflectional case of nouns in English has
practically ceased to exist. The remaining two-case system has a limited application in the
expression of various case relations in Modern English. The personal
pronouns in English are
commonly interpreted as having a case system of their own, quite different from that of nouns.
The two cases traditionally recognized here are the nominative case (
I
,
you
,
he
, etc.) and
the objective case (
me
,
you
,
him
, etc). Names of subjects, diseases, and games, such as
linguistics
,
mathematics
,
physics
,
mumps
,
billiards
, etc are always in the singular. Collective nouns and nouns
of multitude. These are nouns denoting groups of human beings (
family
,
folk
,
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