Tekshirish uchun savoltar
1. S h a x s d e g a n d a S i z n i m a n i t u s h u n a s i z ?
2. S h a x s q a n d a y t u z i l i s h g a ega?
3. I n d i v i d b i l a n s h a x s n i n g o ‘x s h a s h l i g i v a f a r q i n i m a d a ?
4. S h a x s n i n g f a o l l i g i n i m a l a r d a o ‘z a k s i n i t o p a d i ?
5. S h a x s n i n g s h a k l l a n i s h o m i l l a r i h a q i d a s o ‘z l a n g .
6. 0 ‘z i n i o ‘z i a n g l a s h n i m a ?
Uchinchi b o T im
S H A X S N IN G IC H K Ï
R E G U L A T S IY A S I
I C H K I R E G U L A T S I Y A N I N G
T A R K IB LA R I T O ‘G ‘R I S I D A
U M U M I Y T U S H U N C H A
V ! b o b
Ehtiyoj t o ‘g ‘risida tushuncha
Ehtiyojlar faollikning m anbayi sifatida
Borlicj t o ‘g ‘risida psixologik n u q ta y i n a z a r d a n m u lo h a z a
y u ritilg a n d a , tirik m a v ju d o tla rn in g ( o d d i y tu z ilishda gisida n
to m u r a k k a b i g a c h a ) t e v a r a k - a tr o f b i la n h a y o t i y a h a m iy a tg a
cga b o l g a n , turli xususiyatli b o g l a n i s h l a m i ta 'm i n l a b tu-
ruvchi faoliyati (qaysi d araja, qaysi s h a k lid a lig id a n q a t ’i
nazar) u la rn in g barchasi u c h u n u m u m i y b o ‘lgan xususiyat
hisoblanadi. U larn in g faolligi tufayli m u r a k k a b tuzilishdagi
faoliyat yuza g a kelib (onglilikning m a h s u l i sifatida), turli-
t u m a n m ohiyatli, h a r xil ko'r in ish d ag i eh tiyojla r (ularning
toifalarga a l o q a d o r lig i, kelib c h i q is h i j i h a t i d a n biologik,
nioddiy, m a ’naviy va boshqalar)ni q o n d iris h u c h u n xizmat
qiladi. S h u bois faollik faoliyatining a so siy m exan iz m larid an
birinchi b o l i b , tirik m avjudotlarning o ‘z im koniyati darajasida
tashqi o la m t a ’sirlariga javob qilishi sana la di.
B o rliq d a g i j o n l i m a v j u d o t l a r n i n g o ‘z ig a xos ta rz d a ,
m u a y y a n y o 'n a l i s h d a , m a ’lu m d a r a j a d a g i k u c h bilan xatti-
h a ra k a tn i a m a l g a oshirishga u n d o v c h i e h ti y o j la r u la r u c h u n
faollik m a n b a y i vazifasini bajaradi. P six o lo g ik m a n b a la rg a
a s o sla n ib fikr y u rita d ig a n b o ‘lsak, e h t i y o j — j o n l i m a v ju d o t
( h a y o t k e c h i r i s h i n i n g y a q q o l s h a r t - s h a r o i t l a r i g a u n i n g
sh u larg a t o b e ekan lig in i ifoda e t u v c h i v a m a z k u r s h a r t-
s h a r o itla r g a n i s b a t a n faolligini n a m o y o n q ilu v c h i h o la t)
tariqasida ifodalanadi.
I n s o n n i n g faolligi b o s h q a m a v j u d o t l a r d a n h a m m o -
hiyat, h a m shakl j i h a t d a n t u b d a n fa rq q iiib , y u z a g a k elgan
e h t i y o j la r n i n g t u rli v a z iy a tla rd a q o n d ir i l is h i d a o kz ifodasini
to p a d i . J u m l a d a n , m a v ju d o tla r va h a y v o n l a r o lzla rin in g
tan as i, a 'z o l a r i tuzilish ig a , in stin k tla rn in g t u rli-tu m a n lig ig a
k o ‘ra, o ‘z o ‘ljasini t u t ib olishga n i s b a t a n intilishni vujudga
k e l t i r u v c h i t a b i i y i m k o n i y a t i , u n i o l d i n d a n p a y q a s h
s e z g i r l i g i o r q a l i z u d l i k b i l a n f a o l h a r a k a t q i l a d i .
H a y v o n l a r n i n g ehtiy o jla ri q o n d irilish i j a r a y o n i q a n c h a lik
m a q s a d g a m u v o f i q ra v ish d a k e c h g a n b o 'l s a , b u , o ‘z n av-
b a tid a , u l a r n i n g q u r s h a b o lgan y a s h a s h m u h itig a yengillik
b ila n m o s l a s h u v i n i t a ’m in la y d i. M a s a l a n , asalari x a tti-
h a r a k a t i n i n g t u g ‘m a , irsiy dasturi u n i n g g u lshira yig'ish
ehtiyojlari b i l a n c h e k la n i b q o l m a s d a n , balki bu ehtiyojlarni
q o n d i r i s h o b y e k t l a r i , y a ’ni g u l la r n i n g n a v la ri, u l a r n i n g
uzoq va yaqinligi, qaysi t o m o n d a joylashganligi, m o l - k o l l i g i
k a b ila r d a h a m a k s e ta d i. S hu b ois m a v j u d o tla r n i n g c h -
tiy o jlarid a u l a r n i n g faolligi om ili sifatida ta b iiy a lo m a tla r,
in stin k tla r, s h a r t s i z reflekslar va h o k a z o l a r bcvosita q a t-
n ashadi.
L e k in i n s o n l a r n i n g faolligi va u la r n i n g faollik m a n b a y i
h i s o b l a n m is h i n s o n i y eh tiyojla r t u b d a n b o s h q a c h a b o 'lib ,
b io logik s h a r t l a n g a n l ik d a n tash q a ri, m o d d i y va m a ’naviy
k o ‘r in i s h i a r d a n ib o ratd ir. O d a m n i n g e h tiyoji u n g a t a ’lim va
t a r b i y a b e r i s h j a r a y o n i d a s h a k l l a n a d i , y a ’ni i n s o n i y a t
t o m o n i d a n y a r a t i lg a n ijtimoiy ta jrib a , k o 'n i k m a , m alak a ,
o d a t , m a ' n a v i y a t , q a d r iy a t la r b i la n y a q i n d a n t a n i s h i s h ,
u l a r n i o ' z l a s h t i r i s h o r q a l i a m a l g a o s h i r i l a d i . T a b i a t
t o m o n i d a n v u j u d g a keltirilgan j i s m , n a r s a , b u y u m in so n
u c h u n b io l o g ik e h tiy o jn i q o n d iru v c h i o ‘lja m a ’nosini va
a h a m iy a tin i y o ‘q o ta d i . O d a m b o s h q a m a v ju d o tla r d a n farqli
o ‘l a r o q , i j t i m o i y - t a r i x i y t a r a q q i y o t d a v r i n i n g x u s u s iy
e h tiy o jla rig a x i z m a t qilu v ch i m u a y y a n b u y u m n i z a ru ra t
t alab ig a b i n o a n t u b d a n q ay ta o ‘zg a rtirish g a, t a k o m illa s h -
tirishga q o d i r o n g li zo td ir. S hu b o i s o d a m n i n g o ‘z e h ti-
y o j l a r i n i q o n d i r i s h j a r a y o n i i j t i m o i y - t a r i x i y t a r a q q i y o t
d a r a j a s i b i l a n o ‘l c h a n a d i g a n f a o li y a t s h a k l i v a t u r i n i
e g a ll a s h n in g f a o l, m u a y y a n m a q s a d g a y o ‘n a ltirilg a n lig i,
m a ’l u m re ja g a a s o s la n g a n ijodiy k o 'r i n i s h i sifatida a lo h id a
a h a m i y a t k a s b e ta d i.
„ I n s o n g a x o s b o ‘lgan e h t i y o j l a r n i n g m a z m u n i , shakli
va q o n d i r i l is h u su li" i j ti m o i y - t a r i x i y t a r a q q i y o t d a v r i d a
rivojlanib, o ‘zg a rib va ta k o m illa s h ib b o r a d i. H ozirgi z a m o n
k is h isin in g e h tiy o jla ri va u l a r n i n g q o n d i r i l is h i a j d o d l a r -
n ik id a n h a m , a v lo d la r n ik id a n h a r n b u t u n l a y fa rq la n a d i,
lekin e t n o p s i x o l o g i k x u su siy a tla r t a 's i r i o ‘z a h a m i y a t i n i
y o 'q o t m a y d i . S h ax sn in g e h tiy o jla rin i t o ‘l a - t o ‘kis q o n d i r i s h
u n i k o m il i n s o n sifatida k a m o l t o p t i r i s h n i n g e n g m u h i m
s h a r t l a r i d a n biri h i s o b l a n s a - d a , l e k i n b u u n i n g u s t u v o r
ek a nligini b ild ir m a y d i, c h u n k i b o s h q a t a 's i r k o ‘rsa tu v c h i
o m i ll a r h a m m avjuddir. K a m o l o t g a e r is h is h n in g m u h i m
sharti h i s o b l a n m is h m e h n a t i n s o n n i n g ehtiy o jig a a y l a n m a s
e k a n , u o ‘z ehtiyojlarini y engiï, o s o n y o l l a r bilan q o n d i -
rishga h a r a k a t qilsa, inqirozga u c h r a y d i . 0 ‘z ehtiy o jla rin i
yengil y o ‘l b i la n q o ndirish i jtim o iy q o n u n - q o i d a l a r g a zid
x u l q - a t v o r m a n b a y ig a aylan ish ig a, j i n o i y x a t t i - h a r a k a t n i n g
kelib c h iq i s h i g a , te k in x o 'rlik i lla ti n i n g n a m o y o n b o ‘lishiga
z a m i n h o z irla y d i.
H u q u q i y , d e m o k r a t ik j a m i y a t kishisi shaxsini s h a k l -
lantirishga n is b a ta n q o ‘yilayotgan m u h i m ta lablardan biri —
u n d a m e h n a t q ilish e h t i y o j i n i , m e h n a t d a n f a x r l a n i s h
tu y g ‘u sin i va u n d a n lazzatlanish h is s in i ta rk ib t o p t ir is h d a n
ib o ra t. M e h n a t g a n is b a ta n c h t i y o j n i n g v u ju d g a k e lish i
s a n o a t d a va q is h lo q x o ‘ja lig id a i s h l a b c h iq a r ish n i riv o jla n -
tirish , i s h l a b c h iq a r is h j a r a y o n l a r i n i a v t o m a t l a s h t i r i s h ,
m e h n a t q ilis h sh aro itlarin i y a x s h i l a s h , m e h n a t fa o liy a ti
u n u m d o r l i g in i oshirish, ish v a q t i d a n o q i l o n a fo y d a la n ish
i m k o n iy a tin i y a ra ta d i va m e h n a t d a g i n a o ‘z i m k o n iy a tin i
n a m o y o n e t u v c h i , b u n y o d k o r , v a t a n p a r v a r , f i d o y i
shaxslarni shakllantiradi. K i s h ila rn in g iqtisodiy eh tiyojlarini
q o n d i r u v c h i , b a ’z a n o g ‘ir v a z e r i k a r l i tu y u lg a n m e h n a t
turi v a t a n p a r v a r , kom il i n s o n b o ‘lish g a in tiluvchi s h a x s
u c h u n q u v o n c h , q o n i q i s h , h a t t o r o h a t - f a r o g ‘a t h i s -
t u y g 'u l a r i n i n g m an b ay ig a a y l a n is h i m u m k i n .
Y u k s a k m alak a li m u ta x a s sisla r ta y y o r l a s h g a q a r a t i lg a n
„ T a 'l i m t o ‘g ‘ris i d a “gi Q o n u n d a v a „ K a d r l a r t a y y o r l a s h
Milliy d a s t u r i “ d a o ‘q u v c h ila r n in g m e h n a t tarbiyasi v a k a s b
tanlashga y o l l a s h g a aiohida a h a m iy a t berilgan. Hozirgi k u n d a
r e s p u b li k a f u q a r o l a r i d a m a ’n a v iy e h t i y o j l a r n i v u ju d g a
k c ltirish v a s l i a k l l a n t i r i s h m u h i m a h a m i y a t kasb e tib ,
ijtim oiy t a r b i y a n i n g m u h i m b o ‘g ‘iniga a y la n d i. H u q u q iy ,
d c m o k r a t ik j a m i y a t n i n g asosiy v a z ifa la rid a n biri — insoniy
e h tiyojla rni t a r k i b to p t ir is h , uiarni b a r k a m o l shaxs k a n io -
loti sari y o ‘n a l t i r i s h , m a ’n aviyatni e g a lla s h b ila n uzviy
ravishda a m a l g a o s h i r i s h d a n iboratdir.
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