Option 1 The essence and content of the term philosophy

2. Logical forms and laws of thinking (laws of logic).
Key words: Ainiyat, conflict, except for the third one, sufficient reason
Logical forms refer to the structure and organization of statements and arguments, while laws of thinking, or laws of logic, are principles that govern reasoning and inference. These laws include the law of identity (a statement is true if and only if it is identical to itself), the law of non-contradiction (a statement cannot be both true and false at the same time), and the law of excluded middle (a statement is either true or false, there is no third option). Other important laws include the principle of inferential consistency (the same reasoning should lead to the same conclusion), the principle of sufficient reason (every event or fact must have an explanation or reason), and the principle of non-excluded middle (there may be more than two options or possibilities for a given statement). Understanding logical forms and laws of thinking is crucial for effective communication, critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making.

1)Ainiyat is a logical principle that states that something cannot both be and not be at the same time and in the same respect. This means that contradictory statements cannot both be true.

2)Conflict is another logical principle that refers to a situation where two or more statements cannot all be true at the same time. When there is a conflict between statements, one or more must be false.
3)Except for the third one (principle of sufficient reason), these logical principles are also known as the laws of non-contradiction and excluded middle. Together, these laws form the foundation of logical reasoning and help us to ensure that our arguments are valid and sound.
3. Reforms implemented in the socio-economic and political life of the Republic of Karakalpakstan
The Republic of Karakalpakstan, which is an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan, has undergone some significant socio-economic and political reforms in recent years. Here are some examples:
1. Decentralization: In 2017, the Uzbek government introduced a new law on the "On the Local Governance System and Local Administration Bodies." This law delegatedThe Republic of Karakalpakstan, an autonomous republic in Uzbekistan, has undergone several reforms in its socio-economic and political life.
1. Agricultural Reforms: The government has implemented various agricultural reforms to improve the productivity and efficiency of the farming sector. The use of modern technologies, improved irrigation systems, and land consolidation programs have helped to increase crop yields and incomes for farmers.
2. Healthcare Reforms: The healthcare system in Karakalpakstan has also been reformed to provide better access to quality healthcare services. The government has invested in improving medical facilities, training healthcare professionals, and expanding health insurance coverage.
3. Education Reforms: The education system in Karakalpakstan has undergone significant reforms to improve the quality of education and increase access to schooling. The government has invested in building new schools, providing training for teachers, and introducing digital technologies into the classroom.
4. Political Reforms: The government has introduced several political reforms to promote democracy and transparency in governance. Elections are now held regularly, and the role of civil society organizations and independent media has been strengthened.
5. Environmental Reforms: The government has implemented various environmental reforms to address the environmental challenges faced by the region. The government has introduced laws and regulations to protect the environment, conserve natural resources, and promote sustainable development.