Paper Russian fairy tales proverbs and stories Contents Introduction

Differences and similarities in the Proverbs and sayings
In practice sayings is often confused with proverbs. These two terms are perceived by the majority as synonymous, denoting the same linguistic and poetic phenomenon. But it is important not to equate them, to see not only the similarities but also the differences between them.
When distinguishing between proverbs and sayings it is necessary to consider, first, their common binding features distinguishing proverbs and sayings from other works of folk art, secondly, the general signs, but not required, bonding and separating them simultaneously, and, third, the characteristics differentiating them.
Common essential features of proverbs and sayings linguists include: brevity (conciseness), stability (ability to reproduce), the relationship with speech (proverbs and sayings in their natural form exist only in speech), belonging to the art of the word, wide coined by.
But what are the signs that can clearly distinguish between proverbs and sayings? These features have already been mentioned repeatedly by many generations of scientists. It is the general nature of the content of proverbs and their exemplariness, edification.
In the first half of the twentieth century connoisseur of proverbs M. A. Rybnikova wrote: "The Proverb defines many similar phenomena. "All of Cooper, but a few thank", this judgment says about the skill of the Cooper, but if you think that the saying only this, we will deprive the proverb of its generalizing. This proverb speaks of the quality of work in general, it can be applied to the teacher, tractor driver, a weaver, the engineer, pilot, soldier, etc."
These two characteristics define the peculiarities of Proverbs when comparing it with the proverb, and which is devoid of a generalizing sense, and instructive. Sayings do not generalize, no one is prepared. They rightly wrote VI Dahl, "The saying - roundabout expression, carrying it, a simple allegory, in plain terms, a way of expression, but without a parable, without judgment, conclusion, application ... Saying replaces only direct speech in a roundabout, do not agree sometimes and does not name things, but conventionally, it is very clear hints".
The purpose of the Proverbs - as vividly as possible, to describe some phenomenon or object of reality, to decorate it. "A saying is a flower, a proverb — berry", — said the people. We have both — well, there is a link between them, but there is a significant difference.
Sayings, as a rule, are used for the figurative-emotional characteristics of people, their behavior, some everyday situations. A lot of sayings for all occasions... We don't like someone, and he's skinny and we say "how skinny horsetail" («Тощ как хвощ»). About living satisfying, richly, happily say: "As cheese in butter rolls around" (Как сыр в масле катается).
Proverbs and sayings are the most ancient genres of oral national creativity. It's known to all peoples of the world, including lived a long time ago, BC — the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans. The earliest monuments of old Russian literature has reported information on the existence of proverbs and sayings of our ancestors. In the "Tale of bygone years", ancient records which recorded a number of Proverbs: "Not a place to head and head to the place" (Не идет место к голове, а голова к месту), "The world stands up to host, and host to the world"( Мир стоит до рати, а рать-до мира) and others.
Some proverbs, sayings, bearing upon it the stamp of time, are taken outside of the historical context in which they arise, and often we are modernizing their, without thinking about the ancient meaning.