Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs International Energy Agency Eurostat European Environment Agency



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REFERENCES 
• EEA, 2002. Energy and Environment in the European Union. Environmental 
issue report no. 31. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Environment Agency. 
• Eurostat, various editions. Energy Balance Sheets. Luxembourg: Eurostat. 
• IEA, 1997. Indicators of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency. Paris, France: 
International Energy Agency IEA/Organisation for Economic Co-operation 
and Development (OECD). 
• IEA, 2004. Oil Crises and Climate Challenges: 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA 
Countries. Paris, France: International Energy Agency. 
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries. Paris, 
France: International Energy Agency. 
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of OECD Countries. Paris, France: 
International Energy Agency. 


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• Krackeler, T., Schipper, T., Sezgen, O., 1998. Carbon dioxide emissions in 
OECD service sectors. The critical role of electricity use. Energy Policy, 26 
(15): 1137–1152. 
• UNSD. Industry Statistics. New York, NY, USA: United Nations Statistics 
Division. 
• UNSD. National Accounts Statistics. New York, NY, USA: United Nations 
Statistics Division. 
ECO9: Household energy intensities 
Brief Definition 
Amount of total residential energy used per person 
or household or unit of floor area. Amount of 
energy use by residential end use per person or 
household or unit of floor area, or per electric 
appliance 
Units 
Tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) of final energy and 
kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity per capita or per 
household or square metre of floor area; toe and 
kWh of electricity for space heating per unit of 
floor area; kWh of lighting per unit of floor area; 
toe and kWh for cooking per household; toe and 
kWh for water heating per capita; unit electricity 
consumption for electric appliances 

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