An Introduction to Old English Edinburgh University Press
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2 is 2 e¯os demon this 2 e¯ow m servant 2 ider, 2 yder advb whither 2 ing n thing 2 inc . an 1 seem 2 onne advb then 2 u¯ pron thou 2 urh prep through 2 us advb thus understandan VI understand unlagu f crime unriht n wrong unsidu m vice un eeances advb against the will up prep up uppon prep upon we¯sten n wilderness wæ¯re see wesan wæter n water weard advb towards weard f guardian wedbryc . e m oath-breaking wel advb well wendan 1 go weorc n work weor eean III become, be wer ee see weorean wesan V, see also beon be wician 2 stay wi ee prep with OLD ENGLISH – PRESENT - DAY ENGLISH GLOSSARY 145 02 pages 001-166 29/1/03 16:09 Page 145 wı¯de advb widely wi eeinnan advb inside g . ewi eeu¯tan advb outside wı¯f n woman willa m will willan pr-pr wish, want witan pr-pr know wolde see willan word n word worhtan see wyrc . an worold f world woruldha¯d m secular life wrı¯tan I write wuldorfæder m father of glory g . ewundian 2 wound wundor n wonder wundra see wundor wynsum adj joyful wyrsa adj worse wyrc . an 1 do, make yfel adj evil yfelian 2 worsen ymbe prep about 146 AN INTRODUCTION TO OLD ENGLISH 02 pages 001-166 29/1/03 16:09 Page 146 Glossary of linguistic terms ablaut – the patterned variation of vowel sounds in relation to meaning in forms of the same root; this variation may be in terms either of vowel quality or of vowel duration; it is seen in present-day English in verbs such as sing ~ sang ~ sung. accusative case – grammatical case usually exhibited by a noun phrase often functioning as the direct object of the verb, and usually (but by no means always) expressing semantically the goal or patient of the action that the verb denotes. active – see voice. affix – prefix or suffix. affixation – process of adding an affix. agreement – formal relation between two elements, so the form of one element is required to correspond with the form of the other. allomorph – one of the variant pronunciations of a morpheme, among which the choice is determined by context (phonological, grammatical or lexical). For example, [z], [ ə z] and [s] are phonologically determined allomorphs of the plural suffix, occurring respectively in ‘cats’, ‘dogs’ and ‘horses’. A morpheme with only one pronunciation is sometimes said to have only one allomorph. allophone – one or more phonetic variants of the same phoneme. anacrusis – an introductory syllable at the beginning, and preceding, the normal metrical scheme. Anglo-Norman – the variety of French spoken by those who invaded England at the time of the Norman Conquest, and their descendants. aspect – the grammatical means which marks the duration or type of temporal activity denoted by the verb; in English we find progressive (I am sleeping) and perfective (I have slept) aspect. auxiliary verb – a set of verbs which have primarily grammatical meaning and which are associated with a following lexical verb; a subset of these verbs are called in present-day English modal verbs, but it is not clear that such a subset existed in Old English. bahuvrihi – another term for exocentric, drawn from the terminology of traditional Sanskrit grammarians. 02 pages 001-166 29/1/03 16:09 Page 147 borrowing – see loan word. bound morpheme, bound allomorph – morpheme or allomorph that cannot stand on its own as a word. A bound morpheme is one whose allomorphs are all bound. See also free morpheme. case – grammatical category expressing the relationship of a noun phrase to the verb in its clause. See also nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instru- mental. cause – the element which is the source of the action or state expressed by the verb. Celtic – one of the branches of Indo-European, from which are descended, amongst others, the present-day languages Breton, Irish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic and Welsh. Yüklə 1,93 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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