junctions in the enlargement of chronic subdural hematomas.
J Neurosurg. 1983;59(2):298-303.
38. Murakami H, Hirose Y, Sagoh M, et al. Why do chronic subdural
hematomas continue to grow slowly and not coagulate? Role of
thrombomodulin in the mechanism. J Neurosurg. 2002;96(5):877-884.
39. Labadie EL, Glover D. Local alterations of hemostatic-fibrinolytic
mechanisms in reforming subdural hematomas. Neurology. 1975;25(7):
669-675.
40. Fujisawa H, Ito H, Saito K, Ikeda K, Nitta H, Yamashita J.
Immunohistochemical localization of tissue-type plasminogen activator
in the lining wall of chronic subdural hematoma. Surg Neurol. 1991;
35(6):441-445.
41. Ito H, Komai T, Yamamoto S. Fibrinolytic enzyme in the lining walls of
chronic subdural hematoma. J Neurosurg. 1978;48(2):197-200.
42. Katano H, Kamiya K, Mase M, Tanikawa M, Yamada K. Tissue
plasminogen activator in chronic subdural hematomas as a predictor of
recurrence. J Neurosurg. 2006;104(1):79-84.
43. Kawakami Y, Chikama M, Tamiya T, Shimamura Y. Coagulation and
fibrinolysis in chronic subdural hematoma. Neurosurgery. 1989;25(1):
25-29.
44. Saito K, Ito H, Hasegawa T, Yamamoto S. Plasmin-alpha 2-plasmin
inhibitor complex and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in chronic subdural
hematoma. J Neurosurg. 1989;70(1):68-72.
45. Ito H, Yamamoto S, Komai T, Mizukoshi H. Role of local
hyperfibrinolysis in the etiology of chronic subdural hematoma.
J Neurosurg. 1976;45(1):26-31.
q
2010 The Congress of Neurological Surgeons
119
Clinical Neurosurgery
Volume 57, 2010
Chronic Subdural Haematoma-Review
46. Nomura S, Kashiwagi S, Fujisawa H, Ito H, Nakamura K. Character-
ization of local hyperfibrinolysis in chronic subdural hematomas by
SDS-PAGE and immunoblot. J Neurosurg. 1994;81(6):910-913.
47. Rughani AI, Holmes CE, Penar PL. A novel association between
a chronic subdural hematoma and a fibrinolytic pathway defect: case
report. Neurosurgery. 2009;64(6):E1192.
48. Markwalder TM, Steinsiepe KF, Rohner M, Reichenbach W, Markwalder H.
The course of chronic subdural hematomas after burr-hole craniostomy and
closed-system drainage. J Neurosurg. 1981;55(3):390-396.
49. Suzuki M, Kudo A, Kitakami A, et al. Local hypercoagulative activity
precedes hyperfibrinolytic activity in the subdural space during
development of chronic subdural haematoma from subdural effusion.
Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1998;140(3):261-265.
50. Hohenstein A, Erber R, Schilling L, Weigel R. Increased mRNA
expression of VEGF within the hematoma and imbalance of angiopoietin-
1 and -2 mRNA within the neomembranes of chronic subdural hematoma.
J Neurotrauma. 2005;22(5):518-528.
51. Suzuki K, Takano S, Nose T, Doi M, Ohashi N. Increased concentration
of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in chronic subdural
hematoma. J Trauma. 1999;46(3):532-533.
52. Weigel R, Schilling L, Schmiedek P. Specific pattern of growth factor
distribution in chronic subdural hematoma (CSH): evidence for an
angiogenic disease. Acta Neurochir (Wein). 2001;143(8):811-818.
53. Weigel R, Hohenstein A, Schlickum L, Weiss C, Schilling L. Angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibition for arterial hypertension reduces the risk of
recurrence in patients with chronic subdural hematoma possibly by an
antiangiogenic mechanism. Neurosurgery. 2007;61(4):788-792.
54. Merchan JR, Chan B, Kale S, Schnipper LE, Sukhatme VP. In vitro and
in vivo induction of antiangiogenic activity by plasminogen activators
and captopril. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(5):388-399.
55. Feng JF, Jiang JY, Bao YH, Liang YM, Pan YH. Traumatic subdural
effusion evolves into chronic subdural hematoma: two stages of the same
inflammatory reaction? Med Hypotheses. 2008;70(6):1147-1149.
56. Frati A, Salvati M, Mainiero F, et al. Inflammation markers and risk factors
for recurrence in 35 patients with a posttraumatic chronic subdural
hematoma: a prospective study. J Neurosurg. 2004;100(1):24-32.
57. Hirashima Y, Endo S, Hayashi N, Karasawa K, Nojima S, Takaku A.
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and the formation of chronic subdural
haematoma: measurement of plasma PAF levels and anti-PAF
immunoglobulin titers. Acta Neurochir (Wein). 1995;137(1-2):15-18.
58. Hirashima Y, Kuwayama N, Hamada H, Hayashi N, Endo S. Etizolam,
an anti-anxiety agent, attenuates recurrence of chronic subdural
hematoma: evaluation by computed tomography. Neurol Med Chir
(Tokyo). 2002;42:53-55.
59. Owen WG, Esmon CT. Functional properties of an endothelial cell
cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. J Biol Chem.
1981;256(11):5532-5535.
60. Coleman PL, Patel PD, Cwikel BJ, Rafferty UM, Sznycer-Laszuk R,
Gelehrter TD. Characterization of the dexamethasone-induced inhibitor
of plasminogen activator in HTC hepatoma cells. J Biol Chem. 1986;
261(9):4352-4357.
61. Bao P, Kodra A, Tomic-Canic M, Golinko MS, Ehrlich HP, Brem H.
The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in wound healing. J Surg
Res. 2009;153(2):347-358.
62. Gao T, Lin Z, Jin X. Hydrocortisone suppression of the expression of
VEGF may relate to toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4. Curr Eye Res.
2009;34(9):777-784.
63. Liu Z, Yuan X, Luo Y, et al. Evaluating the effects of immunosup-
pressants on human immunity using cytokine profiles of whole blood.
Cytokine. 2009;45(2):141-147.
64. Glover D, Labadie EL. Physiopathogenesis of subdural hematomas, part
2: inhibition of growth of experimental hematomas with dexamethasone.
J Neurosurg. 1976;45(4):393-397.
65. Bender MB, Christoff N. Nonsurgical treatment of subdural hematomas.
Arch Neurol. 1974;31:73-79.
66. Decaux O, Cador B, Dufour T, et al. Nonsurgical treatment of chronic
subdural hematoma with steroids: two case reports [in French]. Rev Med
Interne. 2002;23(9):788-791.
67. Delgado-Lopez PD, Martin-Velasco V, Castilla-Diez JM, Rodriguez-
Salazar A, Galacho-Harriero AM, Fernandez-Arconada O. Dexameth-
asone treatment in chronic subdural haematoma. Neurocirugia (Astur).
2009;20(4):346-359.
68. Drapkin AJ. Chronic subdural hematoma: pathophysiological basis for
treatment. Br J Neurosurg. 1991;5(5):467-473.
69. Rudiger A, Ronsdorf A, Merlo A, Zimmerli W. Dexamethasone
treatment of a patient with large bilateral chronic subdural haematomata.
Swiss Med Weekly. 2001;131(25-26):387.
70. Sun TF, Boet R, Poon WS. Non-surgical primary treatment of chronic
subdural haematoma: preliminary results of using dexamethasone. Br J
Neurosurg. 2005;19(4):327-333
71. Victoratos GC, Bligh AS. A more systemic management of subdural
hematoma with the aid of CT scan. Surg Neurol. 1981;15(2):158-160.
72. Gardner WJ. Traumatic subdural hematoma with particular reference to
the latent interval. Arch Neurol Psychiatr. 1932;27:847-858.
73. Zollinger R, Gross RE. Traumatic subdural hematoma, an explanation of
the late onset of pressure symptoms. JAMA. 1934;103:245-249.
74. Weir B. The osmolality of subdural hematoma fluid. J Neurosurg. 1971;
34(4):528-533.
75. Weir B. Oncotic pressure of subdural fluids. J Neurosurg. 1980;53(4):
512-515.
76. Heula AL, Sajanti J, Majamaa K. Procollagen propeptides in chronic
subdural hematoma reveal sustained dural collagen synthesis after head
injury. J Neurol. 2009;256(1):66-71.
77. Sajanti J, Majamaa K. High concentrations of procollagen propeptides in
chronic subdural haematoma and effusion. J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiatr. 2003;74(4):522-524.
78. Haukipuro K. Synthesis of collagen types I and III in reincised wounds
in humans. Br J Surg. 1991;78(6):708-712.
79. Haukipuro K, Risteli L, Kairaluoma MI, Risteli J. Aminoterminal
propeptide of type III procollagen in healing wound in humans. Ann
Surg. 1987;206(6):752-756.
80. Haukipuro K, Risteli L, Kairaluoma MI, Risteli J. Aminoterminal
propeptide of type III procollagen in serum during wound healing in
human beings. Surgery. 1990;107(4):381-388.
81. Fujisawa H, Nomura S, Tsuchida E, Ito H. Serum protein exudation in
chronic subdural haematomas: a mechanism for haematoma enlarge-
ment? Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1998;140(2):161-165.
82. Tokmak M, Iplikcioglu AC, Bek S, Gokduman CA, Erdal M. The role of
exudation in chronic subdural hematomas. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(2):
290-295.
83. Sambasivan M. An overview of chronic subdural hematoma: experience
with 2300 cases. Surg Neurol. 1997;47(5):418-422.
84. Lind CR, Lind CJ, Mee EW. Reduction in the number of repeated
operations for the treatment of subacute and chronic subdural
hematomas by placement of subdural drains. J Neurosurg. 2003;
99(1):44-46.
85. Mondorf Y, Abu-Owaimer M, Gaab MR, Oertel JM. Chronic subdural
hematoma-Craniotomy versus burr hole trepanation. Br J Neurosurg.
2009;23(6):612-616.
86. Mori K, Maeda M. Surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma in
500 consecutive cases: clinical characteristics, surgical outcome,
complications, and recurrence rate. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2001;
41(8):371-381.
87. Zumofen D, Regli L, Levivier M, Krayenbuhl N. Chronic subdural
hematomas treated by burr hole trepanation and a subperiostal drainage
system. Neurosurgery. 2009;64(6):1116-1121.
120
q
2010 The Congress of Neurological Surgeons
Santarius et al
Clinical Neurosurgery
Volume 57, 2010
88. Santarius T, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ganesan D, et al. Use of drains versus no
drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma:
a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374(9695):1067-1073.
89. Ramachandran R, Hegde T. Chronic subdural hematomas: causes of
morbidity and mortality. Surg Neurol. 2007;67(4):367-372.
90. Lega BC, Danish SF, Malhotra NR, Sonnad SS, Stein SC. Choosing the
best operation for chronic subdural hematoma: a decision analysis
[published online ahead of print October 30, 2009]. J Neurosurg. DOI:
10.3171/2009.9.JNS08825.
91. Cenic A, Bhandari M, Reddy K. Management of chronic subdural
hematoma: a national survey and literature review. Can J Neurol Sci.
2005;32(4):501-506.
92. Kotwica Z, Brzezinski J. Chronic subdural haematoma treated by burr
holes and closed system drainage: personal experience in 131 patients.
Br J Neurosurg. 1991;5(5):461-465.
93. Santarius T, Lawton R, Kirkpatrick PJ, Hutchinson PJ. The management
of primary chronic subdural haematoma: a questionnaire survey of
practice in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Br J
Neurosurg. 2008;22(4):529-534.
94. Asano Y, Hasuo M, Takahashi I, Shimosawa S. Recurrent cases of
chronic subdural hematoma: its clinical review and serial CT findings [in
Japanese]. No to Shinkei. 1992;44(9):827-831.
95. Gazzeri R, Galarza M, Neroni M, Canova A, Refice GM, Esposito S.
Continuous subgaleal suction drainage for the treatment of chronic
subdural haematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2007;149(5):487-493.
96. Okada Y, Akai T, Okamoto K, Iida T, Takata H, Iizuka H. A compara-
tive study of the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: burr hole
drainage versus burr hole irrigation. Surg Neurol. 2002;57(6):405-409.
97. Tsutsumi K, Maeda K, Iijima A, Usui M, Okada Y, Kirino T. The
relationship of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings and
closed system drainage in the recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma
[comment]. J Neurosurg. 1997;87(6):870-875.
98. Wakai S, Hashimoto K, Watanabe N, Inoh S, Ochiai C, Nagai M. Effi-
cacy of closed-system drainage in treating chronic subdural hematoma:
a prospective comparative study. Neurosurgery. 1990;26(5):771-773.
99. Banks JL, Marotta CA. Outcomes validity and reliability of the modified
Rankin scale: implications for stroke clinical trials: a literature review
and synthesis. Stroke. 2007;38(3):1091-1096.
100. Gurelik M, Aslan A, Gurelik B, Ozum U, Karadag O, Kars HZ. A safe
and effective method for treatment of chronic subdural haematoma. Can
J Neurol Sci. 2007;34(1):84-87.
101. Matsumoto K, Akagi K, Abekura M, et al. Recurrence factors for chronic
subdural hematomas after burr-hole craniostomy and closed system
drainage. Neurol Res. 1999;21(3):277-280.
102. Suzuki K, Sugita K, Akai T, Takahata T, Sonobe M, Takahashi S.
Treatment of chronic subdural hematoma by closed-system drainage
without irrigation. Surg Neurol. 1998;50(3):231-234.
103. Zakaraia AM, Adnan JS, Haspani MS, Naing NN, Abdullah JM.
Outcome of 2 different types of operative techniques practiced for
chronic subdural hematoma in Malaysia: an analysis. Surg Neurol. 2008;
69(6):608-615.
104. Aoki N. Subdural tapping and irrigation for the treatment of chronic
subdural hematoma in adults. Neurosurgery. 1984;14(5):545-548.
105. Hennig R, Kloster R. Burr hole evacuation of chronic subdural
haematomas followed by continuous inflow and outflow irrigation. Acta
Neurochir (Wein). 1999;141(2):171-176.
106. Ram Z, Hadani M, Sahar A, Spiegelmann R. Continuous irrigation-
drainage of the subdural space for the treatment of chronic subdural
haematoma: a prospective clinical trial. Acta Neurochir (Wein). 1993;
120(1-2):40-43.
107. Taussky P, Fandino J, Landolt H. Number of burr holes as independent
predictor of postoperative recurrence in chronic subdural haematoma. Br
J Neurosurg. 2008;22(2):279-282.
108. Han HJ, Park CW, Kim EY, Yoo CJ, Kim YB, Kim WK. One vs. two
burr hole craniostomy in surgical treatment of chronic subdural
hematoma. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009;46(2):87-92.
109. Nakaguchi H, Tanishima T, Yoshimasu N. Relationship between
drainage catheter location and postoperative recurrence of chronic
subdural hematoma after burr-hole irrigation and closed-system drainage
[comment]. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(5):791-795.
110. Oishi M, Toyama M, Tamatani S, Kitazawa T, Saito M. Clinical factors
of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo).
2001;41:382-386.
111. Hamilton MG, Frizzell JB, Tranmer BI. Chronic subdural hematoma: the
role for craniotomy reevaluated. Neurosurgery. 1993;33(1):67-72.
112. Svien HJ, Gelety JE. On the surgical management of encapsulated
chronic subdural hematoma: a comparison of the results of membra-
nectomy and simple evacuation. J Neurosurg. 1964;21:172-177.
113. Lee JK, Choi JH, Kim CH, Lee HK, Moon JG. Chronic subdural
hematomas: a comparative study of three types of operative procedures.
J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009;46(3):210-214.
114. Lee JY, Ebel H, Ernestus RI, Klug N. Various surgical treatments of
chronic subdural hematoma and outcome in 172 patients: is mem-
branectomy necessary? Surg Neurol. 2004;61(6):523-527.
115. Villagrasa J, Prat R, Diaz JF, Comunas F. Analysis of prognostic factors
in adults with chronic subdural hematoma [in Spanish]. Neurologia.
1998;13(3):120-124.
116. Tanikawa M, Mase M, Yamada K, et al. Surgical treatment of chronic
subdural hematoma based on intrahematomal membrane structure on
MRI. Acta Neurochir (Wein). 2001;143(6):613-618.
117. Rughani AI, Lin C, Dumont TM, Penar PL, Horgan MA, Tranmer BI. A
case-comparison study of the subdural evacuating port system in treating
chronic subdural hematomas [published online ahead of print December
11, 2009]. J Neurosurg. DOI: 10.3171/2009.11.JNS091244.
118. Asfora WT, Schwebach L. A modified technique to treat chronic and
subacute subdural hematoma: technical note. Surg Neurol. 2003;59(4):
329-332.
119. Benes L, Eggers F, Alberti O, Bertalanffy H. A new screw catheter kit
for the bedside treatment of chronic subdural hematomas. J Trauma.
2002;52(3):591-594.
120. Camel M, Grubb RL Jr. Treatment of chronic subdural hematoma by
twist-drill craniotomy with continuous catheter drainage. J Neurosurg.
1986;65(2):183-187.
121. Carlton CK, Saunders RL. Twist drill craniostomy and closed system
drainage of chronic and subacute subdural hematomas. Neurosurgery.
1983;13(2):153-159.
122. Horn EM, Feiz-Erfan I, Bristol RE, Spetzler RF, Harrington TR. Bedside
twist drill craniostomy for chronic subdural hematoma: a comparative
study. Surg Neurol. 2006;65(2):150-153.
123. Hubschmann OR. Twist drill craniostomy in the treatment of chronic and
subacute subdural hematomas in severely ill and elderly patients.
Neurosurgery. 1980;6(3):233-236.
124. Miele VJ, Sadrolhefazi A, Bailes JE. Influence of head position on the
effectiveness of twist drill craniostomy for chronic subdural hematoma.
Surg Neurol. 2005;63(5):420-423.
125. Muzii VF, Bistazzoni S, Zalaffi A, Carangelo B, Mariottini A, Palma L.
Chronic subdural hematoma: comparison of two surgical techniques:
preliminary results of a prospective randomized study. J Neurosurg Sci.
2005;49(2):41-46.
126. Ramnarayan R, Arulmurugan B, Wilson PM, Nayar R. Twist drill
craniostomy with closed drainage for chronic subdural haematoma in the
elderly: an effective method. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008;110(6):774-778.
127. Reinges MH, Hasselberg I, Rohde V, Kuker W, Gilsbach JM.
Prospective analysis of bedside percutaneous subdural tapping for the
treatment of chronic subdural haematoma in adults. J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiatr. 2000;69(1):40-47.
q
2010 The Congress of Neurological Surgeons
121
Clinical Neurosurgery
Volume 57, 2010
Chronic Subdural Haematoma-Review
128. Rychlicki F, Recchioni MA, Burchianti M, Marcolini P, Messori A,
Papo I. Percutaneous twist-drill craniostomy for the treatment of chronic
subdural haematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wein). 1991;113(1-2):38-41.
129. Smely C, Madlinger A, Scheremet R. Chronic subdural haematoma:
a comparison of two different treatment modalities. Acta Neurochir
(Wein). 1997;139(9):818-825.
130. Sucu HK, Gokmen M, Ergin A, Bezircioglu H, Gokmen A. Is there a way to
avoid surgical complications of twist drill craniostomy for evacuation of
a chronic subdural hematoma? Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2007;149(6):597-599.
131. Tabaddor K, Shulmon K. Definitive treatment of chronic subdural
hematoma by twist-drill craniostomy and closed-system drainage.
J Neurosurg. 1977;46(2):220-226.
132. Williams GR, Baskaya MK, Menendez J, Polin R, Willis B, Nanda A.
Burr-hole versus twist-drill drainage for the evacuation of chronic
subdural haematoma: a comparison of clinical results. J Clin Neurosci.
2001;8(6):551-554.
133. Asghar M, Adhiyaman V, Greenway MW, Bhowmick BK, Bates A.
Chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly: a North Wales experience.
J R Soc Med. 2002;95(6):290-292.
134. Kurti X, Xhumari A, Petrela M. Bilateral chronic subdural haematomas;
surgical or non-surgical treatment. Acta Neurochir (Wein). 1982;62(1-2):87-90.
135. Robinson RG. Chronic subdural hematoma: surgical management in 133
patients. J Neurosurg. 1984;61(2):263-268.
136. Suzuki J, Takaku A. Nonsurgical treatment of chronic subdural
hematoma. J Neurosurg. 1970;33(5):548-553.
137. Goksu E, Akyuz M, Ucar T, Kazan S. Spontaneous resolution of a large
chronic subdural hematoma: a case report and review of the literature.
Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2009;15(1):95-98.
138. Lee CH, Kang DH, Hwang SH, Park IS, Jung JM, Han JW. Spontaneous
rapid reduction of a large acute subdural hematoma. J Korean Med Sci.
2009;24(6):1224-1226.
139. Nakajima H, Yasui T, Nishikawa M, Kishi H, Kan M. The role of
postoperative patient posture in the recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma:
a prospective randomized trial. Surg Neurol. 2002;58(6):385-387.
140. Abouzari M, Rashidi A, Rezaii J, et al. The role of postoperative patient
posture in the recurrence of traumatic chronic subdural hematoma after
burr-hole surgery. Neurosurgery. 2007;61(4):794-797.
141. Krupp WF, Jans PJ. Treatment of chronic subdural haematoma with burr-
hole craniostomy and closed drainage. Br J Neurosurg. 1995;9(5):619-627.
142. McKissock W, Richardson A, Bloom W. Subdural haematoma: a review
of 389 cases. Lancet. 1960;1:1365-1369.
143. Baechli H, Nordmann A, Bucher HC, Gratzl O. Demographics and
prevalent risk factors of chronic subdural haematoma: results of a large
single-center cohort study. Neurosurg Rev. 2004;27(4):263-266.
144. Jones S, Kafetz K. A prospective study of chronic subdural haematomas
in elderly patients. Age Ageing. 1999;28(6):519-521.
145. Yamamoto H, Hirashima Y, Hamada H, Hayashi N, Origasa H, Endo S.
Independent predictors of recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma:
results of multivariate analysis performed using a logistic regression
model. J Neurosurg. 2003;98(6):1217-1221.
146. Busch G, Ramm K. Clinical studies on chronic subdural haematomas in 140
adults [author’s translation]. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg). 1980;23(6):224-228.
147. Konig SA, Schick U, Dohnert J, Goldammer A, Vitzthum HE.
Coagulopathy and outcome in patients with chronic subdural haema-
toma. Acta Neurol Scand. 2003;107(2):110-116.
148. Pencalet P. Clinical forms and prognostic factors of chronic subdural
hematoma in the adult [in French]. Neurochirurgie. 2001;47(5):469-472.
149. Dooley DM, Perlmutter I. Spontaneous intracranial hematomas in
patients receiving anticoagulation therapy. Surgical treatment. JAMA.
1964;187:396-398.
150. Edson JR, McArthur JR, Branda RF, McCullough JJ, Chou SN.
Successful management of a subdural hematoma in a hemophiliac with
an anti-factor VIII antibody. Blood. 1973;41(1):113-122.
151. Lindvall P, Koskinen LO. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents and the
risk of development and recurrence of chronic subdural haematomas.
J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(10):1287-1290.
152. Mattle H, Kohler S, Huber P, Rohner M, Steinsiepe KF. Anti-
coagulation-related intracranial extracerebral haemorrhage. J Neurol
Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1989;52(7):829-837.
153. Rust T, Kiemer N, Erasmus A. Chronic subdural haematomas and anticoag-
ulation or anti-thrombotic therapy. J Clin Neurosci. 2006;13(8):823-827.
154. Sakho Y, Kabre A, Badiane SB, Ba MC, Gueye M. Chronic subdural
hematoma of the adult in Senegal (apropos of 118 cases) [in French].
Dakar Med. 1991;36(2):94-104.
155. Gonugunta V, Buxton N. Warfarin and chronic subdural haematomas.
Br J Neurosurg. 2001;15(6):514-517.
156. Ko BS, Lee JK, Seo BR, Moon SJ, Kim JH, Kim SH. Clinical analysis of
risk factors related to recurrent chronic subdural hematoma. J Korean
Neurosurg Soc. 2008;43(1):11-15.
157. Reymond MA, Marbet G, Radu EW, Gratzl O. Aspirin as a risk factor for
hemorrhage in patients with head injuries. Neurosurg Rev. 1992;15(1):21-25.
158. Akpek EA, Karaaslan D, Erol E, Caner H, Kayhan Z. Chronic subdural
haematoma following caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.
Anaesth Intensive Care. 1999;27(2):206-208.
159. Aronson SM, Okazaki H. A study of some factors modifying response of
cerebral tissue to subdural hematomata. J Neurosurg. 1963;20:89-93.
160. Arseni C, Ionescu S, Dinu M. Intracranial hypotension, an etiologic factor
of subdural hematoma (chronic subdural hematoma following spinal
subarachnoid block anaesthesia). Rev Roum Neurol. 1970;7(4):283-286.
161. Illingworth RD. Subdural haematoma after the treatment of chronic
hydrocephalus by ventriculocaval shunts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr.
1970;33(1):95-99.
162. Lavie F, Herve D, Le B, I, Brault JL, Sangla S, de Broucker T. Bilateral
intracranial subdural hematoma following lumbar puncture: report of
a case [in French]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1198;154(10):703-705.
163. Amirjamshidi A, Abouzari M, Eftekhar B, et al. Outcomes and recurrence
rates in chronic subdural haematoma. Br J Neurosurg. 2007;21(3):272-275.
164. Stanisic M, Lund-Johansen M, Mahesparan R. Treatment of chronic subdural
hematoma by burr-hole craniostomy in adults: influence of some factors on
postoperative recurrence. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147(12):1249-1256.
165. Nakaguchi H, Tanishima T, Yoshimasu N. Factors in the natural history
of chronic subdural hematomas that influence their postoperative
recurrence. J Neurosurg. 2001;95(2):256-262.
166. Horimoto C, Miyazaki T, Miyazaki H, Kawano M. Clinical study of
reaccumulation and persistence of chronic subdural hematoma; setting an
Ommaya reservoir [in Japanese]. No Shinkei Geka. 1990;18(6):507-510.
167. Doherty DL. Posttraumatic cerebral atrophy as a risk factor for delayed
acute subdural hemorrhage. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1988;69(7):542-544.
168. Abouzari M, Rashidi A, Zandi-Toghani M, Behzadi M, Asadollahi M.
Chronic subdural hematoma outcome prediction using logistic regression
and an artificial neural network. Neurosurg Rev. 2009;32(4):479-484.
169. Park SH, Lee SH, Park J, Hwang JH, Hwang SK, Hamm IS. Chronic
subdural hematoma preceded by traumatic subdural hygroma. J Clin
Neurosci. 2008;15(8):868-872.
170. Kuroki T, Katsume M, Harada N, Yamazaki T, Aoki K, Takasu N. Strict
closed-system drainage for treating chronic subdural haematoma. Acta
Neurochir (Wein). 2001;143(10):1041-1044.
171. Shiomi N, Hashimoto N, Tsujino H, Takahashi Y, Murakami M, Mineura
K. Relationship of direction of drainage tube and recurrence in chronic
subdural hematoma [in Japanese]. No Shinkei Geka. 2002;30(8):823-827.
172. Merlicco G, Pierangeli E, di Padova PL. Chronic subdural hematomas in
adults: prognostic factors: analysis of 70 cases. Neurosurg Rev. 1995;
18(4):247-251.
173. Shiomi N, Sasajima H, Mineura K: Relationship of postoperative
residual air and recurrence in chronic subdural hematoma [in Japanese].
No Shinkei Geka. 2001;29(1):39-44.
122
q
2010 The Congress of Neurological Surgeons
Santarius et al
Clinical Neurosurgery
Volume 57, 2010
Dostları ilə paylaş: |