Multilingual Writing in Medieval Japan
111
a “founding violence” that gave rise to a reorganization of existing social
and political structures.
One way that
The Water Mirror
creates a narrative in which con-
temporary warfare and unrest are rendered sensible is through the nor-
malization of violence, in particular with regard to the imperial house.
Matsumoto Shinpachir
ō
, who likewise dates
The Water Mirror
after the
war, sees “rebellions against the court and attendant issues of succession”
as a defining concern of the text, arguing that it exhibits a clear break
with works such as
The New Mirror
.
58
The Water Mirror
is replete with
accounts of treason, armed conflict, and, occasionally, imperial insanity.
Proof of the wickedness of the world emerges in the first scroll, with a
murderous plot by the elder brother of the future Emperor Suizei (tradi-
tionally circa 632–circa 549 BCE) to kill his younger siblings.
59
This is
followed by accounts of a scheme by the empress and her brother to as-
sassinate Emperor Suinin (traditionally circa 80 BCE–circa 70 CE), the
famous abortive attempts by Emperor
Ō
jin’s (traditionally 200–310)
brothers to eliminate him, and the cuckolding of Emperor Rich
ū
(tradi-
tionally circa 339–405) and his revenge, to name just a few. A dramatic
peak is reached in the depravity of Emperor Buretsu (traditionally 489–
506), among whose misdeeds the cutting open of a pregnant woman to
observe the fetus and the forced mating of women with horses are argu-
ably the most disturbing.
60
The tide of wickedness slows temporarily in
the second scroll, with much space devoted to chronicling the miracu-
lous abilities and accomplishments of Prince Sh
ō
toku (574–622). Yet in
the midst of Sh
ō
toku’s rise, violence remains, including his and Soga no
Umako’s (died 626) war against Minister Mononobe no Moriya (died
587); Emperor Sushun’s (died 592) assassination at the directive of Umako;
and the slaughter of twenty-three of Sh
ō
toku’s descendants by Soga no
58. Matsumoto further contends that this is a critical shift in “historical tales”
from biography-based accounts to those centered on events (“Rekishi monogatari to
shiron,” 29).
59. These traditional dates are based on a genealogy published by the Imperial
Household Agency (“Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan”) and the information pro-
vided within
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