D annan a simple guide to resarch writing indd

Table 1.1 Concepts of induction and deduction
 
 
Induction
Deduction
Start with data and look for patterns in the 
data e.g. people who are at risk averse in 
personal lives are more likely to be loyal
Forms hypotheses and tests in data 
collected subsequently e.g. brand loyalty 
increases with age
 
Step 4. Examine the data collected for the underlying patterns
 
When the research design is finished and information gathered, the researcher needs to 
inspect the information for fundamental patterns that recommend answers to the research 
exploration questions or test the adequacy of the hypothesis using proper statistical 
devices. Simultaneously, the researcher needs to perceive how the discoveries of the 
examination hypothesis and the mind in the field affect the theory or hypothesis.
Step 5. Interpret the findings
 
The progression includes the understanding of the discoveries and generalisation of the 
conclusion to the bigger collection of knowledge about the phenomenon. One of the 
objectives in this phase of the examination is to contribute change or expound on existing 
exploration and hypotheses in the field. This procedure may recommend strategies to 
discover the context of the problem.
RESEARCH PARADIGMS
 
The word paradigm is generally used in the academic world to convey three distinct sets 
of ideas:
• The researcher’s basic beliefs about the world and the nature of reality
• The broad conceptual framework the researcher uses to carry out the scientific inquiry
• The specific methods and techniques which should be adopted when conducting
research.

16 
 

---

 
 
 
Mostly, there are two widely recognised research paradigms, namely the positivist and 
phenomenological. The positivist paradigm is sometimes referred to as the quantitative 
model and the phenomenological as qualitative or interpretivist model. These two paradigms 
are actually two ends of a spectrum with a combination of the two models occurring in 
varying degrees of emphasis along the field.