3.4
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be universally approved. In the words of
Taylor
“ The fundamental principles of management are
applicable to all human activities from our simplest individual acts to the working of our great
corporations “.
3.3.4 Cause and effect Relation ship :
Scientific principles establish cause and effect relationship between various factors. When
applied to management the principles of management also establish cause and effect relationship.
e.g. :
Poor planning and plant layout cause low productivity.
3.3.5 Validity and predictability :
More knowledge or collection of facts is not science. It is only when the knowledge so
gathered can be verified, it becomes science. The principles of management also be verified for
their validity. The principles of management have been put to several tests and found to be valid.
For Ex: a subordinate put under one boss will show better results, than a subordinate who has to
follow two or more bosses. Further, the principles of management by finding cause and effect
relationship can serve reliable basis for predicting further events.
3.4 Management As An InExact or a A Social Science :
From the above discussion, it is clear that management is a science. But it must be noted
that
unlike physics, chemistry and Biology, It is not exact or accurate science. The principles of
management cannot be considered as fundamental truths. At times, they may not bring desired
results and may not have universal application. The main reason for the inexact of the science of
management is that it deals with human beings whose behaviour cannot be predicted. Thus we
can say that management is a “ Soft Science” or “ behavioural science “ and it belongs to a group
of social Sciences like Sociology, Political Science.
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