1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Partial typology includes the typology of phonetic or phonological level 

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units, typology of the morphological level units, typology of the lexical 
level units, and typology of the syntactic level units separately. 
Basic notions of typology are: 
1) language type; 
2) isomorphism, allomorphism; 
3) language universals; 
4) model language. 
1) Language type is a stable set of interrelated relevant features. (The 
category of case in Uzbek and Russian presupposes free word order. 
The absence of this category in English presupposes fixed word order.) 
There are 4 types of languages: 
• Inflected(Russian): 
1. In these languages affixal morphermes are polysymantic, for ex. 
широкий:
the affixal morpherme -ий is polysymantic, it expresses that this word 
is an adjective,in masculine gender, in singular and in the nominative 
case. Besides in Russian the root of the word in the majority of cases 
doesn’t exist as an independent word. In English the root coincides 
with the word .
2. As for the sentence structure, they are marked by free word order. 
Subject + Predicate + Object - Я уважаю вас. 
Object + Predicate + Subject - Вас уважаю я. 
Object + Subject + Predicate - Вас я уважаю. 
The word order is free, but the first is preferable. 
• Agglutinated (Turkic, Mongolian and Japanese): English has many 
features 
of 
agglutinative 
languages. 
1. Words can take only monosemantic morphemes: (E.g. She worked 
hard – the inflexion -ed indicates the Past tense). 
2. Word order is fixed,( Subject+predicate+ object), but there are some 
examples 
of 
inversion. 
3. There is no agreement: exceptions are: this town – these towns; this 
student – these students. 
4. Parts of speech by conversion may change their lexical meaning (E.g. 
cold :adjective, noun); 

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• Isolated (Chinese): These languages have no word building affixal 
morphemes, they is no agreement and there is no opposition of parts of 
speech. 
• Incorporative/ polysynthetic languages are highly synthetic languages 
in which words are composed of many morphemes( words that have 
independent meaning but may or may not be able to stand alone).They 
are very highly inflected languages.Polysynthetic languages typically 
have long “sentence- words” . The word consists of the 
morphemes.Generally polysynthetic languages have polypersonal 
agreement.Polysynthetic languages can be agglutinative or fusional 
depending on whether they encode one or multiple grammatical 
categories per affix.At the same time, the question of whether to call a