Qarshi davlat universiteti roman-german filologiyasi fakulteti lingvistika kafedrasi

Clause
- A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a 
predicate
.  We can 
distinguish 
main clauses
, which can stand as sentences in their own right, and 
subordinate 
clauses
which 
cannot. 
Examples:
Free-standing 
main 
clause: 
My 
brother 
likes 
fast 
cars.
Two coordinated main clauses: 
My brother likes fast cars, but he drives badly.
A main clause and a subordinate clause: 
He likes cars which can go fast.
Phrase
- A phrase is a group of words which form a single unit of meaning. 
Examples:
The man in the red shirt 
is a phrase, but so is 
the red shirt
on its own.

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Word
- a word is the smallest complete free-standing unit of meaning in a language. Words 
come into several different categories which we call "
parts of speech
". These are detailed 
below. The shortest english words are
 I 
or 
a
; the longest English word is..... ? 
Morpheme 
- a morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in language. A word may be made up 
of 
a 
single 
lexical 
morpheme: 
Examples: 
Give 
/ 
 child 
/ 
 speak 
 / 
 good 
/ 
 please
or of a combination of morphemes, at least one of which must be lexical. 
Examples: 
Giving 
 / 
 children 
 / 

speaker 
 / 
goodness 
/ 
 nationalistic
In the last example, 
nationalistic
, we can see four morphemes: 
nation, al, ist, and ic.
Nation
is 
a lexical morpheme or lexeme,
 al ist
and 
ic
are functional morphemes that cannot exist on their 
own , but when attached to the lexeme serve to change its meaning or function. 
A morpheme is not the same as a syllable. the word
 nation
is one morpheme but two syllables