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Lesson plan 16
Theme: Ways of expressing syntactic relations between parts of sentences: word order,
Conjunction, Governing, Subordination, Predication.
Level: Intermediate
Materials: Blackboard, Projector, laptop, different handouts
Aim: To raise the awareness about
the Course “Practical Grammar”
Time:
80 min
National
groups
Groups as a whole:
The French eat in restaurants more than the English.
Single examples are not formed in the same way:
A Frenchman/woman, an Englishman/woman.
Other groups
If these are clearly plural:
the Social Democrats, The Rolling Stones
Note the difference:
Pink Floyd, Queen (no article)
Unique objects
the moon, the sun
Note that there are other suns and moons in the universe.
This planet has a small moon.
Titles
These tend to be 'unique'.
The director of studies
If the title is post-modified (has a description coming after the noun),
the
is
more likely, but not essential. Compare:
She became President in 1998.
She became (the) President of the United States in 1998.
Other titles
The
may be part of
the title, and so is capitalised.
Newspapers:
The Independent, The Sunday Times
Musical instruments
Jane plays the flute.
The guitar is my favourite instrument.
It is, of course, still possible to use
a
where it would naturally be used.
There was a small brown flute in the window of the shop.
Emphatic use
This is heavily stressed and emphasises the following noun.
This hotel is
the
place to stay.
Geographical names
The following use
the:
Rivers:
the Thames
Mountain ranges:
the Alps
Oceans:
the Mediterranean
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Unique features:
the Channel, the Arctic
Compass points/areas:
the East, the Middle East
Countries: collective or plural:
The United Kingdom, The Netherlands
This does not apply to:
Mountain peaks:
Everest
(but
The Matterhorn)
Continents:
Asia
Countries:
France
The definite article is sometimes used before Lebanon and Gambia:
The Lebanon The Gambia
Place names
Post-modification, especially with ...
o f . . .
plays a role in place names.
Compare:
Leeds University/The University of Leeds
London Bridge/The Tower of London
-»
If the first part of
a place-name is another name, then normal rules about
zero article apply.
Brown's Restaurant
The Garden House Hotel
The same applies in geographical names:
Canvey Island
The Isle of Man
Most
and
the most
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