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maladaptive and cause significant functional
impairment or subjective distress.’ Recent
editions of the
DSM classify the traditional
mental disorders (clinical syndromes) on Axis I
and personality disorder on Axis II.
DSM-IV gives a general definition of
personality disorder as enduring patterns of
cognition, affectivity,
interpersonal behaviour,
and impulse control that are culturally deviant,
pervasive and inflexible, and lead to distress or
social impairment. Ten patterns or categories of
personality disorder
are identified and grouped
into three clusters as illustrated in Figure 1.1.
Each category is operationally defined by
between seven and nine specific criteria, a set
number being required for diagnosis of the
disorder. These are categories of disorder, not
types
of people, and individuals may meet
criteria for more than one disorder.
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