D3.3 Very basic grammar for I Revision 0.1
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DeepThought IST-2000-30161 Page 9 (of 55)
2. SELECTION CRITERIA
In this section are commented the criteria for selecting:
•
the right auxiliaire type for a given verb and
•
the right category for the arguments of a given verb [included predicative structures]
(categorial selection);
•
the right preposition form for an argument of a given verb and
•
the right complementizer for a strongly selected clausal argument (syntactic strong
argumental selection);
The mechanism of selection works at the LOCAL.CAT.VAL level (for verb arguments
[prepositionals, complementizers, nominal, predicative]; see "letypes.tdl" and
"categories.tdl").
2.1 Auxiliaire selection
As far as it concerns the auxiliaire selection in composing "aux+verb" verbal complex, at the
VERB level two features are entailed, expressely AUX (distinguishing between auxiliaires
and other verbs) and ERG (for distinguishing ergative verbs).
In italian language, while all
passive
forms selects the "essere" auxiliaire, in the
active
form
we have to choice between two "tensal" auxiliaire: "essere" or "avere". We have three
different cases:
i) all verbs with the ERG value "
-" select the "avere" auxiliaire (e.g. "mordere"
(bite), "lottare" (fight));
ii) all verbs with the ERG value "
+" select the "essere" auxiliaire (e.g. "morire"
(die) or reflexives forms like "muoversi" (move oneself);
iii) all verbs with the ERG value underspecified (
bool) can select both the
"essere" and the "avere" auxiliaire (e.g. "bruciare" (burn), "cuocere" (cook))
Consequently, is ungrammatical a sentence like:
* “Il cane E’ morso il postino” (The dog IS bitten the postman)
Unfortunately, this assumpt partially contrasts with the case of “SI” clitic pronoun (see below,
in the clitics section). As a consequence, one can not simply prevent a rule from assigning
the ESSERE tensal auxiliaire to these kind of verbs, while a sentence like:
“il cane SI E’ morso” (The dog IS bitten HIMSELF)
is absolutely correct.
The same problem concerns the SI impersonal/subject clitic. A sentence like:
* “Il cane è ucciso” (The dog is killed)
is clearly grammatical only in its passive acception, while
a sentence like
* “Il cane E’ ucciso il postino” (The dog IS killed the postman)
D3.3 Very basic grammar for I Revision 0.1
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DeepThought IST-2000-30161 Page 11 (of 55)
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