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B)  How psychologists study children 

C)  A method for remembering locations 

Q30. What is the professor's opinion of the motor theory of thinking? 

A)  It explains adult behavior better than it explains child behavior. 

B)  It is the most valid theory of thinking at the present time. 

C)  It cannot be completely proved or disproved.

 

 

 

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Ko‘rinib turibdiki, ma’ruza psixologiyaga oid bolib, unda xulq-aqtvor, odatlar (behaviour) 

haqida gap ketadi. Ma’ruzada eshitamiz: 

Видно,  что  лекция  посвящена  психологии  и  в  ней  речь  пойдёт  о  поведении 

(behaviour). В лекции мы слышим: 

 

Now, many people consider John Watson to be the founder of behaviorism. And like other 

behaviorists, he believed that psychologists should study only the behaviors they can observe 

and measure. They're not interested in mental processes. While a person could describe his 

thoughts, no one else can see or hear them to verify the accuracy of his report. But one thing you 

can observe is muscular habits  (Q23). What Watson did was to observe muscular habits 

because he viewed them as a manifestation of thinking (Q24). One kind of habit that he studied 

are laryngeal habits. 

Watson thought laryngeal habits ... you know, from larynx, in other words, related to the voice 

box ... (Q25) he thought those habits were an expression of thinking. He argued that for very young 

children, thinking is really talking out loud to oneself because they talk out loud even if they're not 

trying to communicate with someone in particular. As the individual matures, that overt talking to 

oneself becomes covert talking to oneself, but thinking still shows up as a laryngeal habit. One of 

the bits of evidence that supports this is that when people are trying to solve a problem, they, um, 

typically have increased muscular activity in the throat region. That is, if you put electrodes on the 

throat and measure muscle potential—muscle activity—you discover that when people are thinking, 

like if they're diligently trying to solve a problem, that there is muscular activity in the throat region.

 

 

Q23. What is the professor mainly discussing? 

A)  The development of motor skills in children 

B)  How psychologists measure muscle activity in the throat 

C)  A theory about the relationship between muscle activity and thinking 

 

Q24. John Watson focused on … 

A)  mental processes. 

B)  observable actions. 

C)  descriptions of thoughts. 

 

Q25. Why does the professor say: “… you know, from larynx, in other words, related to the 

voice box …”?  

A)  To explain the meaning of a term  

B)  To give an example of a laryngeal habit 

C)  To remind students of a point he had discussed previously 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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“O‘QISH” BO‘LIMI