Corporate Finance Institute
Financial Ratios
corporatefinanceinstitute.com
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Table of Contents
Financial Ratio Analysis Overview ............................................................................................... 3
What is Ratio Analysis? .......................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Why use Ratio Analysis? .....................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Types of Ratios? ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Profitability Ratio .......................................................................................................................... 4
Return on Equity .................................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Return on Assets .................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
Return on Capital Employed.............................................................................................................................................................................................7
Gross Margin Ratio .............................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Operating Profit Margin .....................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Net Profit Margin .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Leverage Ratios ........................................................................................................................... 11
Debt-to-Equity Ratio ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Equity Ratio ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Debt Ratio .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Efficiency Ratios .......................................................................................................................... 15
Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Accounts Receivable Days.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
Asset Turnover Ratio ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Inventory Turnover Ratio................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Inventory Turnover Days ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Liquidity Ratios ............................................................................................................................ 21
Current Ratio ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Quick Ratio......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Cash Ratio .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Defensive Interval Ratio .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Times Interest Earned Ratio .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Times Interest Earned (Cash-Basis) Ratio ................................................................................................................................................................... 27
CAPEX to Operating Cash Ratio .................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Operating Cash Flow Ratio............................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Pyramid of Ratios........................................................................................................................ 30
Multiples Valuation Ratios ......................................................................................................... 31
Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
EV/EBITDA Ratio ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
EV/EBIT Ratio ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
EV/Revenue Ratio ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Valuation Ratios Comparison ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 36