Prepositional expressions followed
by gerunds
Verbs followed by gerunds or
infinitives
It
+ infinitive or a
gerund subject
be accused of
admit
mind
be a bad experience
be accustomed to
advise
need
be a bad idea
in addition to
afford
offer
be better
be afraid
agree
permit
be clever
apologize (to someone) for
ask
persuade
be dangerous
believe in
avoid
plan
be difficult
blame (someone) for
beg
postpone
be easy
be capable of
begin
prefer
be essential
be committed to
consider
prepare
be foolish
complain about
continue
pretend
be a good experience
dream of
convince
promise
be a good idea
forgive (someone) for
decide
quit
be fun
be excited about
demand
recall
be hard
be guilty of
deny
refuse
be important
instead of
discuss
regret
be impossible
be interested in
dislike
remember
be interesting
look forward to
encourage
remind
be necessary
be opposed to
enjoy
risk
be a pleasure
prevent (someone) from
expect
seem
be possible
List of words and phrase to work into the story (the end)
Prepositional expressions followed
by gerunds
Verbs followed by gerunds or
infinitives
It
+ infinitive or a
gerund subject
be scared of
fail
start
be relaxing
stop (someone) from
force
stop
take effort
succeed in
forget
struggle
take energy
take advantage of
hesitate
suggest
take money
be terrified of
hope
threaten
take patience
thank (someone) for
invite
wait
take time
think of
learn
want
be tired of
like
warn
be worried about
manage
REVISION OF THE GERUND
Ex. 55. Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas and the texts from General English class.
1. Charlotte Fedder sometimes had quite a hard time. She couldn’t avoid… .
2. When Charlotte and John Fedder were married, she had to tolerate …
3. Moscow is experiencing a building boom. I can prove it by … .
4. I’ll do my best to make the break for the metropolis. Nothing in the world could keep
me from … .
5. The advertisement invited young men who wouldn’t mind …
6. It is important that people enjoy their work, and enjoying work means … in the first
place.
7. I think it is impossible to arrange a meeting with him now. He is busy … .
8. She was such a naughty, disobedient and spoilt child, I felt almost …
9. Mother jumped to the conclusion that the girl had gone out for the evening without
… .
10. As he himself was convinced of the fact, he succeeded in …
.
11. There are some reasons why I don’t like being a doctor. For instance, I resent …
12. The only reason I do the job of a GP is for my family as it allows ….
13. Mr. Singleton was giving assistance to the injured passengers in the middle of the
road, so he couldn’t avoid …
14. If you take part in this expedition you’ll have to face the challenge of …
(.
15. We’ve been at odds for quite a long time but I can’t forget him …
Ex. 56. Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas.
Ex. 57. Answer the questions using gerunds following prepositions. Give complete sentences.
Ex. 58. Complete the sentences using gerunds with prepositions.
Ex. 59. Complete the sentences with the infinitive or gerund forms of the verbs in brackets.
Whatever else Christmas may (1)
...stand for...(stand for), one thing it still means is (2)
......................... (eat). Christmas has traditionally been a time of the year when people have tried
(3)......................... (cheer) themselves up during the cold months of winter. Last year more than
10 million turkeys were bought in Britain alone during the festive season (4) .........................
(satisfy) the nation’s appetite. Health experts may continue (5)....................... (complain) about all
this self-indulgence, but they fail (6)......................... (realise) that there is nothing new about
celebratory feasting, particularly at this time of year. The Roman Saturnalia, which was
supposedly a festival (7) .................. (honour) the god of agriculture, started on 19 December.
Among other things, the Saturnalia involved (8)..................... (light) candles and (9)
......................... (give) gifts. People who had spent the whole year (10) ......................... (save) money
suddenly became extravagant. In addition to (11) ......................... (exchange) gifts, this time of
year was also an occasion for masters and slaves alike (12)......................... (eat) excessively. At one
Saturnalia feast an emperor is reported (13)......................... (spend) the equivalent of £600,000
on a dinner for twelve guests which consisted of twenty courses and lasted all day. So, when
mealtime comes round on 25 December, there’s no point in (14) ......................... (have) a guilty
conscience. In fact the occasional seasonal feast may promote good health and stop year-round
(15)............. (overeat).
Ex. 60. Complete the sentences using the following expressions: You should avoid/ no good; have
difficulty; prevent/object to/ mind; apologize; not to be very keen on; it’s no use/worth; accuse of;
prefer to; not to be used to
1.
Don’t stay out in the sun too long. …
2.
It was very difficult for me to understand your writing. …
3.
Her father wouldn’t let me speak to her. …
4.
Bill said he was sorry he was late. …
5.
I don’t like playing squash very much. …
6.
You won’t get anywhere if you shout at him. …
7.
“You broke my heart, Mary!” said Anne. …
8.
Chris didn’t play tennis but went swimming instead. …
9.
She doesn’t want to get up early. …
10. He’d rather watch TV than go out to the cinema. ...
11. This is the first time I’ve driven this type of car. …
Ex. 61. Translate orally into English.
1. Нет ничего хуже, чем стоять в очереди часами, чтобы посмотреть фильм, а затем
обнаружить
, что его и смотреть не стоило. Бесполезно жаловаться администратору, и
какой
смысл кричать на друзей, которые посоветовали его посмотреть. Я думаю, стоит
все
-таки читать рецензии на фильмы.
2. Искусство приготовления пищи требует использования чеснока. Конечно, не
всем
людям нравится его есть. Работать рядом с человеком, который ел чеснок, так же
неприятно
, как рядом с тем, кто курит. Но бесполезно запрещать его употребление, так как
есть
чеснок явно полезно для здоровья. Люди всегда использовали его для придания
особого
аромата мясу и добавляли в различные блюда. Поэтому не отрицайте, что едите
чеснок
, так как это только свидетельствует о том, что вы получаете удовольствие от
здорового
образа жизни.
Ex. 62. Read the text and prepare 15 questions on it and on the topic using infinitive and gerund patterns.
Polite, Yes; But Not Soft.
I am used to being asked about the role of women in Asian business and wonder what
prejudice and obstacles women face in their lives and careers.
My family was quite traditional, and my mother taught me much of what I know about
effective management. I watched her run our extended household, making decisions about
each of our lives. She directed/run a large domestic staff, which was there not for her
convenience but rather to enable her to fulfill her duties. Like any good manager, my mother
not only had to get the job done, but also had to keep everyone happy and motivated. By
example, she taught me to aim for perfection. She also encouraged me to think independently
and act cooperatively, a combination of skills I now use every day.
As a manger, I face the dilemma that while some of our ablest young recruits are
women, they’re still likely to give up working/ to quit when they marry. I encourage our
female employees to consider the option of working after marriage.
I think a woman tending to a career might be frightened by seeming problems. There is
no point in dwelling on any perceived disadvantages. Is facing a sea of male faces in a
boardroom more frightening if you are not male? It may be – if the men involved have trouble
respecting woman. But there will always be people who try to make themselves feel important
at the expense of others /by discriminating against others. In the end /in the long run , being a
woman in business is just one of a wide range of interpersonal issues that people face in the
workplace. This situation can be overcome if we focus on business issues.
Confucian culture is inherently conservative, but even the strongest traditions adapt to
changing conditions. I enjoy being part of that development; it’s a constant challenge to keep
one’s bearings.
Ex.63. A. Read the article and open the brackets, using different forms of the Gerund (with correct
prepositions if necessary), or the Infinitive
What Leaders Really Do
They don’t make plans; they don’t solve problems; they don’t even organize people;
that’s the managers’ job. What leaders really do is (1-prepare) organizations for
change and (2-help) them (3-cope) as they struggle through it. Only organizations
that embrace both the managers’ efforts to promote stability as well as those of the
leaders to support change can survive in turbulent times.
Leadership is different from management, but not for the reasons most people think.
Leadership has nothing to do (4-have) a ‘charisma’ or other exotic personality traits.
Nor is leadership necessarily better than management or a replacement for it.
Rather, both leadership and management are necessary for success in business.
Most corporations today are over-managed and underled. They need (5-develop)
their capacity to exercise leadership. Corporations that are aware of this fact don’t
simply sit around waiting for leaders (6-come) along. They actively seek out people
with leadership potential and expose them to career experiences designed (7-
develop) that potential.
But while improving their ability to lead, companies should remember that strong
leadership with weak management is no better, and it is sometimes actually worse.
The real challenge is (8-combine) strong leadership and strong management and
(9-use) each to balance the other.
What are the two abilities about? Management is about (10-cope) with complexity.
Without good management, complex enterprises tend to become chaotic in ways
that threaten their very existence. Good management brings a degree of order and
consistency to key aspects like the quality and profitability of products.
Leadership, by contrast, is about (11-cope) with change. Part of the reason it has
become so important in recent years is that the business world has become more
competitive and more changeable. The result is that (12-do) what was done
yesterday is no longer a formula for success. These two different functions – coping
with complexity and coping with change – shape the characteristic activities of
management and leadership. Each system of action involves (13-decide) what needs
(14-do), creating networks of people and relationships and then trying (15-ensure)
that those people actually do the job. Companies manage complexity by planning
and budgeting – setting targets for the future, establishing detailed steps (16-
achieve) these targets, and then allocating resources (17-accomplish) these plans.
By contrast, (18-lead) an organization begins by setting a direction – developing a
vision for the future along with strategies (19-produce) the changes needed (20-
achieve) that vision.
Management develops the capacity (21-achieve) its plan by creating an
organizational structure and set of jobs for accomplishing plan requirements,
providing qualified individuals, delegating responsibility for carrying out the plan
and developing systems (22-monitor) implementation. The equivalent leadership
activity is aligning people, i.e. communicating the new direction to those who can
create coalitions that understand the vision.
Finally, for management (23-ensure) plan accomplishment means (24-monitor)
results versus the plan in some detail and then (25-plan and organize) to solve the
problems. But for leadership (26-achieve) a vision requires (27-motivate and
inspire) – keeping people moving in the right direction, despite major obstacles to
change.
B. Now answer the teacher’s questions, using different forms of the Gerund and the Infinitive wherever
possible
C. Sum up the contents of the article
D. Hold a debate “Crisis Management”, using the Gerund and the Infinitive. Use the role cards given by the
teacher
Ex.64. A. Read the article and open the brackets, using different forms of the Gerund (with correct
prepositions if necessary), or the Infinitive
Out of Work
In Britain a lot of people are out of work. Tracey Chapman, 18, left school a year
ago. She lives in the North East, an area of high youth unemployment. She hasn’t
been able to find a job yet.
“My Dad just doesn’t understand. He started (1-work) in a steel mill when he was
15. Things are different now., but he thinks I should start (2-bring) home some
money. Oh, I get my unemployment benefit, but that isn’t much and I’m fed up (3-
queue) for it every Thursday. I hate (4-have) (5-ask) my Mum and Dad for money.
Oh, My Mum gives me a couple of pounds for tights now and then, but she can’t
stand (6-see) me at home all day. I know she hates me (7-be) hard up all the time
and I hate (8-look upon) with either scorn or pity. I’ve almost given up (9-look for)
a job. I buy the local paper every day but I’m really tired (10-look through) the
“Situations Vacant” column. There are 50 applicants for every job. I was interested
(11-be) a dentist’s receptionist because I like (12-meet) people, but now I’d take any
job at all. People ask me why I don’t move to London, but I don’t want (13-leave) my
family and friends. Anyway, I’m afraid (14-leave) because I’m scared (15-live) on
my own in a big city.”
George Morley is 54. Until last year he was a production manager in the textile
industry. He had worked for the same company since he left school. He had a good
job, a four-bedroomed house and a company car. When his company had to close
because of economic difficulties, he became redundant.
“It’s funny really… I don’t feel old, but it isn’t easy to start (16-look for) a job at my
age. I’ve had so many refusals. Now I’m frightened (17-apply) for a job. All the
interviewers are twenty years younger than me. Some even refuse (18-listen) to me,
saying they regret (19-inform) me the vacancy I’ve applied for has been taken. You
see, I am interested (20-learn) a new skill, but nobody wants (21-train) me. I can
see their point of view… I’ll have to retire in ten years. It’s just, I’m tired (22-sit)
around the house. I’ve worked hard for nearly forty years and now I’m terrified
(23-have) nothing to do. When I was still with Lancastrian Textiles I remember
(24-be bored) (25-do) the same thing day after day, but now I’d really enjoy (26-
do) a job again … any job really. It’s not the money … I got good redundancy pay,
and the house is paid for … and I’ve given up (27-smoke), no, it’s not just money. I
just need (28-feel) useful, that’s all.”
B. Now answer the teacher’s questions, using different forms of the Gerund and the Infinitive wherever
possible
C. Sum up the contents of the article
D. Hold a debate “Reducing unemployment”, using the Gerund and the Infinitive. Use the role cards given
by the teacher
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