Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services


particularly relevant where majority ownership by



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particularly relevant where majority ownership by 
foreigners is restricted. 
                                                       
 
63
  These and other special cases will be discussed in detail in the 
forthcoming OECD manual of economic globalisation 
indicators. 
4.23. The present Manual is consistent with BPM5 
and BD3 in including in FATS statistics all types of 
firms, including the so-called special purpose entities 
(SPEs), if they otherwise meet the criteria for selection.  
Whatever their structure (e.g., holding company, base 
company, regional headquarters) or purpose (e.g., 
administration, management of foreign exchange risk, 
facilitation of financing of investment), SPEs are an 
integral part of the structure of the direct investment 
network, and their activities and products should be 
included, as appropriate, in the compilation of FATS 
statistics.
64
   
4.24. Statistics on foreign affiliates owned by 
residents of the compiling economy should include all 
majority-owned foreign affiliates, irrespective of 
whether the affiliate is held directly or indirectly and 
irrespective of whether the direct investor in the 
compiling economy is the ultimate owner or is, instead, 
an intermediate owner in an ownership chain.
65
  
However, because the activities of an affiliate held 
through an ownership chain could be recorded in the 
outward FATS statistics of the countries of both the 
ultimate and intermediate owners, countries are 
encouraged to indicate the aggregate share of FATS 
variables accounted for by foreign affiliates for which 
the compiling country is an intermediate rather than 
final owner. 

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