Review of Long Term Evolution (lte) Operations

Keywords –
 Antennas, Bandwidth, broadband, Core Network (CN), Long Term Evolution (LTE)
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Date of Submission: 05-04-2022 Date of acceptance: 21-04-2022 
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I. 
INTRODUCTION
 
 
The United States began to develop the Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) network, while 
European countries were developing their own forms of communication. However, when Europeans quickly 
realized the disadvantages of each European country operating on their mobile network, it prevented cell phone 
use from country to country within Europe. With the emerging European Union and high travel volume between 
countries in Europe, this was seen as a problem. Rectifying the situation, the Conference of European Posts and 
Telegraphs (CEPT) assembled a research group with intentions of researching the mobile phone system in 
Europe. This group was called Group Spécial Mobile (GSM). In 1989 work done by the GSM group was 
transferred to the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). The name GSM was transposed to 
name the type of service invented. The acronym GSM had been changed from Group Spécial Mobile to Global 
System for Mobile Communications [1].
In order to overcome the capacity, speed, and network coverage 
limitation of the 3G network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) which is a fourth generation (4G) network was 
introduced to enhance the role of the 3G network [2]. The evolution of mobile communication network is 
depicted diagrammatically in figure 1 [7] below. 

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