Dilgam ismailov

growing and wine-making appeared in the Middle Bronze 
Age. As a result of the conversion of craftsmanship into an 
independent field, the second largest public labor division 
took place, i.e. craftsmanship was allocated from other 
production areas. Pottery estates and potter's kilns were 
found in the II Kultepe near Nakhichevan – one of the initial 
urban settlements. Maces and axes were made of marble. 
During the Middle Bronze Age clans and tribes who lived in 
the territory of Azerbaijan united in the large tribal unions. 
Social and property inequality deepened. Rich tribal 
members and tribal leaders appropriated most of the property 
belonging to the community.
The primitive community structure starts to collapse in 
the last stage of the Bronze Age in Azerbaijan. This period 
covers the 14
th
-12
th
centuries BC. During the latest Bronze 
Age significant changes in the life of society had developed 
more powerfully in the Early Iron Age. The Early (First) Iron 
Age covers the 11
th
-8
th
centuries BC. The discovery of 
relatively firmer iron than bronze, labor tools and weapons 
made of iron had led to a new rise. The defense buildings and 
cyclopean castles of the Latest Bronze and Earliest Iron Ages 
were investigated in Azerbaijan (Cyclops – had the 
extraordinary power and was used in the ancient Greek myths. 
According to the legend, in ancient times, the castles built of 
large pan stones were done just by those “Cyclopes”. Therefore 
such castles are called "Cyclopean constructions").
Horse-breeding played a great role in the development of 
cattle-breeding. During the Last Bronze Age, the horse has 
been widely used as a means of passenger vehicles and trailers. 
A lot of horse skeletons were found among the monuments of 

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28 
that period. There appeared worship for the horse because it 
played a major role in people's lives. Thanks to an artificial 
irrigation (traces of ancient artificial irrigation network have 
remained in Nakhchivan and Karabakh) gardening and 
horticulture expanded. Vine-growing and wine-making develo-
ped. Pottery occupied a special place in the crafts during the 
latest Bronze and Earliest Iron Ages in Azerbaijan. Foot-dri-