Dilgam ismailov

In the XIX century, 30-50s in South Azerbaijan the main 
occupation of the people were agriculture and cattle-breeder. 
The main stroke for weaving was flow of foreign goods into 
the country. Craftsmen were the main producers consumer 
goods in the country. Carpet and thick felt production areas not 
exposed foreign goods competition. In South Azerbaijan cities 
were developing manufacture-type enterprises. The goods 
which were exported to Russia products are an important part 
of the handicraft. The main part of these products were sold in 
North Azerbaijan. From Northern Azerbaijan here imported 
saffron, white oil, silk and copper. 

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204 
In the middle of the XlX century tiyul lands were given 
as a rule in respect of any civil or military service. Shah also 
sedentary and semi-nomadic tribes the land would be 
forgiven was due to military service. These kinds of lands 
called ilati - elat(eller) lands. The feudal lords owned 
property fields were few. A portion of the lands which 
owned by religious institutions called vagf lands. In Ardabil 
these kinds of lands belong to the mosques and 
mausoleum of Shaik Safi were the largest Vagf (private) 
lands. In South Azerbaijan vagf lands were one of the 
largest lands. In South Azerbaijan a few part of peasants’ 
had khirdamalik plot of land. The privileged sections of 
the city inherited different higher classes’ nobles and 
ashrafs. Merchants and artisans were the urban population 
of the state was liable to tax. As well as organization of 
manufactory, their also have union of merchants. The 
richest merchant of city managed this unify. He called as 
malikuttujjar (tajirbashi – head of merchants). 
After the contract of Gulustan Iran government in the 
country forced to keep in South Azerbaijan one of the four 
provinces as Maku, Urmia, Namin, Gargar internal 
independence of khanates. During the reign of Gajars main 
infantry and cavalry units Iranian Army's different tribes in 
the south of Azerbaijan afshars and shagaghis (Turkish 
tribes) were organized. Starting from Fatali shah (1797-
1834) all Gajar shahs’ internal and foreign policy South 
Azerbaijan had a special role. During the power of Fatali 
Shah South Azerbaijan had considered valiehdnashein. So 
Tabriz was the official residence of valiehds. During the 
first Qajar shahs’ Tabriz had been considered as the second 
capital and diplomatic residences were situated here. 

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205 
The founder of movement Babis was a Sayid Ali 
Muhammad. The main ideas of Bab’s was expressed in 
Bayan book. According to the Bab, the time has come for a 
new prophet, Imam Mahdi's reappearance. Before he 
considered himself mediator to convey the views of Imam 
Mahdi to the people. Bab (qapi) (door), later declared 
himself as a prophet. Bab, in his ideas reflected merchants, 
artisans and peasants desires. Babis turned against feodals 
the higher clergies and foreign capital. In Bab’s movement 
declared equality between men and women was gained him 
great respect. Zarintaj the daughter of Haji Muhammad 
Saleh among the rebels had a reputation. Followers of the 
Azerbaijani girl called her Gurretuleyn (eye-straining) but 
nation called as Tahira (better clean). In 1852 she was 
secretly killed in Tehran by ruler forces. Babis's the most 
tempestuous period was in 1850 Zanjan in South 
Azerbaijan. The main hero of Firdausi’s Shahnameh, called 
Rustama, for her bravery. In 1850 end of December Zanjan 
revolt was brutally suppressed. Babils’ rebellion in the 
South Azerbaijan on the eve of the transition to capitalism 
was the first armed revolt. Between 1848-1852 years In Iran 
happened movement of Babis’ was defeated.