Misplaced Modifiers The placement of modifiers is crucial to the meaning of sentences. Notice how the placement of
the modifier only impacts the meaning of the sentences in the following examples.
The woman only serves dinner on Tuesdays and Thursdays. (She does no other activities.)
Only the woman serves dinner on Tuesdays and Thursdays. (The woman is the only server)
The woman serves dinner only on Tuesdays and Thursdays. (Those are the only days.)
The woman serves only dinner on Tuesdays and Thursdays. (Breakfast or lunch is not served.)
The only woman serves dinner on Tuesdays and Thursdays. (There is just one woman server.)
Misplaced modifiers are words, phrases, and clauses that are ambiguous or confusing because
they are not placed appropriately in relation to the words they modify.
Ambiguity can often be resolved by placing the modifiers near (usually directly before) the
words they modify.
The woman carrying a baby who was scared and sick drew much attention.
The reader cannot know if it is the woman or the baby who is scared and sick.
The scared and sick woman who was carrying a baby drew much attention.
It is clear that the woman is scared and sick.
The woman who was carrying a scared and sick baby drew much attention.
It is clear that the baby is scared and sick.
Elliptical Clauses appear as dangling modifiers because they could contain a subject and a verb
but do not. Such sentences can be clarified by providing a subject and a verb.
As a child, my mother taught me to play the piano.
(It is unclear who the child is in this sentence.)
When I was a child, my mother taught me to play the piano.
Intrusive Modifiers interrupt sentences by dividing parts of verb phrases, parts of infinitives,
subjects and their verbs, or objects and their object complements.
She had, without considering the consequences, left without permission.
Intrusive modifiers can be corrected by rearranging the phrases so that none are split
(interrupted).
Without considering the consequences, she left without permission.