Academic/General Training Module by Adam Smith First Published in 2015

NB You may use any letter more than once. 
 
14
a comparison of past and present transportation methods 
15
how driving habits contribute to road problems 
16
the relative merits of cars and public transport 
17
the writer’s prediction on future solutions 
18
the increasing use of motor vehicles 
19
the impact of the car on city development 

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 IELTS
 JOURNAL 
 
58 
Exercise 30: Synonymous Words or phrases 
Look at the following information points on the left. Can you match each one with the 
sentence with the same meaning on the right? 
1. a comparison of past and 
present transportation methods
…… 
2. how driving habits contribute to 
road problems …… 
3. the relative merits of cars and 
public transport …… 
4. the writer’s prediction on future 
solutions …… 
5. the increasing use of motor 
vehicles …… 
6. the impact of the car on city 
development …… 
a. the advantages of both trains and 
cars 
b. how the author thinks transport 
problems will be solved 
c. the growth in the amount of 
kilometres driven by car 
d. how the car has influenced the 
features of cities 
e. changes in the types of transport 
over time 
f. the way in which people drive 
makes road problems worse 
 
 

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 IELTS
 JOURNAL 
 
59 
5. Matching headings 
 
Task Type & Format 
In this task type, candidates are given a list of headings, usually identified with 
lower-case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii etc). A heading will refer to the main idea of 
the paragraph or section of the text. Candidates must match the heading to the 
correct paragraphs or sections, which are marked alphabetically. Candidates 
write the appropriate Roman numerals in the boxes on their answer sheets. 
There will always be more headings than there are paragraphs or sections, so 
that some headings will not be used. It is also possible that some paragraphs or 
sections may not be included in the task. One or more paragraphs or sections 
may already be matched with a heading as an example for candidates. This task 
type is used with texts that contain paragraphs or sections with clearly defined 
themes. 
Task Focus 
This task type tests the candidate’s ability to recognise the main idea or theme 
in the paragraphs or sections of a text, and to distinguish main ideas from 
supporting ones. 
Tip:
More than one heading may seem to match a paragraph at first. After 
reading the paragraph, read each heading and decide which one best sums up 
the main point of the paragraph.