In order to investigate the radiation damage produced
in PVTas a function of the stopping power and ion
dose, the luminescence yield induced by proton beams
has been detected. Proton beams have been accelerated
up to 60 MeV at PSI Laboratory of Zurich, at 24 MeV at
INFN-LNS of Catania and within 50–350 keV at IIL of
Catania.
The luminescence yield has been detected coupling the
scintillator to a photo-multiplier (Hamamatsu H5783)
having the maximum sensitivity at 430 nm and monitor-
ing the output signal with a fast amplifier, ADC
converter and MCA multi-channel analyzer, as dis-
cussed in the previous paper (Torrisi et al., 1997a).
The PVT emission spectra have been investigated as a
function of the irradiation stopping power and an ion
dose using a spectrophotometer excited at 300 nm
wavelength and recording the luminescence in the
wavelength region 300–600 nm.
Stopping powers and ion ranges have been calculated
using the computerized TRIM simulation programs
(Ziegler et al., 1985).
3. Results and discussion
Fig. 2 reports the experimental results about the
luminescence yield as a function of proton stopping
powers. At about 2.5 keV/mm stopping, saturation
occurs, as a result of significant quenching phenomena
due to non-radiative de-excitations (Torrisi, 1998).
PVTshows a strong dehydrogenation and an
emission of different C
x
H
y
groups with the absorbed
dose. Fig. 3 reports a mass spectra comparison for the
main ejection occurring at masses 2, 26 and 41,
corresponding to the emission of H
2
, C
2
H
2
and C
3
H
5
,
respectively. The ejection of mass 2 is about one order of
magnitude higher than mass 26 and about 25 times
higher than mass 41. The kinetics of molecular emission
of masses 26 and 41 is slower and it appears very
different with respect to the mass 2 emission, which is
very fast. From the transient signal, obtained just after
the beam switch off, it is possible to observe that by
increasing the detected mass the MQS delay time
increases.
These results demonstrate that a high rate of
formation and recombination of free radicals is pro-
duced along the ion path in the polymer and a diffusion
process of the recombined species occurs towards the
polymer surface.
Using the MQS calibration procedure, as given in a
previous paper (Torrisi, 1999), has been possible to
evaluate the ejection yield in terms of the number of
ejected molecules per 100 eV incident energy (chemical
yield). The experimental chemical yields are 1, 0.1 and
0.03 molecules/100 eV, for masses 2, 26 and 41, respec-
tively.
The residual polymer contains more and more
carbon with the irradiation dose. Generally, a dose of
10
14
ions/cm
2
of 100 keV helium beam produces a black
color of the polymer. In terms of the absorbed dose this
value corresponds to about 10 MGy.
Ion beam
Shutter
(Faraday cup)
PVT
Holder
MQS
Pump system
Fig. 1. Experimental setup.
0
20
40
60
80
100
1
2
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