Practical lesson #3-4 Design of lan in Cisco Packet Tracer. Design of vlans in Cisco Packet Tracer

Figure 1. Networking with VLANs on Cisco switches

The following concepts are used for ports:

• 
  access port – belongs to one VLAN and transmits untagged traffic
  
• 
  trunk port – a port that transmits tagged traffic of one or more VLANs.
  

Configure access ports as follows:
The functions of switch1 (sw1) ports fa0/1 and fa0/2 in VLAN 2 are as follows:
sw1(config)# interface range fa0/1 - 2
sw1(config-if)# switchport mode access
sw1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 2

The ports fa0/4 and fa0/5 in VLAN 10:

sw1(config)# interface range fa0/4 - 5
sw1(config-if-range)# switchport mode access
sw1(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 10


2.2. VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco Systems protocol for creating, deleting, and renaming VLANs on network devices.
VTP switch has the following operating modes:
Server. In this mode, you can create new and make changes to existing VLANs. The switch updates the VLAN database and saves the settings data in the flash memory in the vlan file (in dat format). Generates and transmits messages from other switches working in server mode and clients.
Client. A switch VLAN in this mode transmits information received from other switches and synchronizes the base VLAN when receiving VTP updates. Settings cannot be changed through the command line of such a device.
Transparent. In this mode, the switch transmits VTP information to other participants without synchronizing its base and creating its own updates. VLAN settings can only be changed for the local switch.
There are three message types in VTP:
1. Advertisement requests. Submits a request from the client to the server for Summary Advertisement Alert.
2. Summary advertisements. This default message is sent by the server every 5 minutes or immediately after a configuration change.