Propolis: chemical composition, biological properties and therapeutic activity
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with tinidazole). Some authors described the use of
propolis in the
following therapies: acute colitis, chronic colitis, acute gastric
ulcers, and
acute duodenal ulcers (Gorbatenko, 1971;
Makarov 1972;
Nikolov et al, 1973; Kabanov et al, 1989).
Propolis in
odontology Paintz and Metzner (1979) verified the anaesthetic properties of propolis. Scheller et al (1978), Gafar et al (1986), Magro Filho and Perri de Carvalho (1990)
and Ding
et al (1993) observed regeneration of dental pulp
with gangrene in the presence of propo- lis.
The healing
effect of propolis was eval-
uated in
periodontitis (Wang
et al, 1993),
plaque and
gingivitis (Neumann et al,
1986) and buccal affections (Draganova et al,
1989). Neumann
et al (1986) suggested that a
could be a useful sub- sidiary treatment in oral hygiene.
Other propolis uses in
therapy The
use of
propolis has been reported for
other diseases (human
and veterinary) including osteoarthritis (Lin et al,
1993b), eyes diseases (Popescu et al,
1993), as an antiinflammatory agent (Mihail et al,
1984; Christova, 1985; Busciglio, 1988; Soboleva et al, 1990; Olinescu, 1991; Fierro
Morales, 1994), angiology (Gonzalez et al, 1988/1989) and orthopedic treatment (Que-
sada and Cueto,
1988/1989). The diverse use of
propolis in clinical trials shows that its
therapeutic efficacy lies mainly
in diseases caused
by microbial contaminations. DISCUSSION Based
on the very complex chemical com- position of propolis and its pharmacologi- cal and therapeutic properties, we conclude
that propolis is a
powerful natural
prod- uct
produced by bees. It can be used
to treat
human and veterinary diseases with great
success. Nevertheless, it is evident that propolis cannot be
a remedy
for all dis- eases
and any who make such claims are
guilty of
deception and harm the reputation of all hive products (Tóth, 1985). The
great problem
with propolis, as with
some other
hive products, is that its composition varies with the flora of a given area, the time of collection and the inclusion of wax
contam- inants. This further adds to the
problem of defining propolis for
medicinal use
since the product’s quality varies so
greatly. Although standardization is possible in
principle, exact
chemical tests
have not
been applied yet for the purpose of quality
control. The problem
of quality
control is well demonstrated by the
propolis products currently marketed in various countries (Tóth, 1985). It is expected
that this review will provide
some aid
to fur-
ther investigations about propolis, "the pur- ple gold of the beehive" (Asis, 1989). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is grateful to
F Yukio
Fujiwara for
assistance in reviewing the English
text and P
Cesar Muniz de Lacerda Miranda for computer
assistance. Résumé — Propolis : composition chi-
mique, propriétés biologiques et
activité thérapeutique. On fait le point
des connais- sances sur la composition chimique de la propolis et ses
origines végétales probables (tableau I). Les
principaux constituants chi- miques sont
discutés par rapport
à leurs activités biologiques et
thérapeutiques : acti-
vité antibactérienne, antivirale, antifongique et
cytotoxique. Certains composés, par
exemple les dérivés de l’acide caféique, ont
une action
allergène et
carcinogène. On rapporte les nombreuses études
cliniques concernant l’utilisation thérapeutique de la
contre les mala- dies microbiennes, dans divers domaines
(dermatologie, ORL,
gynécologie, odonto-
logie). En
conclusion, on
souligne la
néces- sité de
développer des
tests chimiques pré- cis pour standardiser le produit. propolis / composition chimique / acti- vité antimicrobienne / toxicité / activité thérapeutique Zusammenfassung — Propolis: chemi- sche
Zusammensetzung, biologische Eigenschaften und
therapeutische Akti-
vität. Die chemische Zusammensetzung von Propolis wird beschrieben (Tabelle I). Es wird hauptsächlich auf die in den letz- ten
14 Jahren identifizierten Komponenten und
ihre mögliche pflanzliche Herkunft ein- gegangen. Die chemischen Bestandteile, die für die
biologische und
therapeutische Wirksamkeit verantwortlich sind, werden
diskutiert. Die antimikrobielle zytotoxische Aktivität und die pharmazeutischen Eigen- schaften von Propolis werden vorgestellt. Einige Komponenten von Propolis (zB Kaf- feesäurederivate) mit allergogenen und anti- karzinogenen Wirkungen werden beschrie- ben. Zahlreiche klinische Untersuchungen von
Propolis werden
dargestellt, besonders die Behandlung von durch
Mikroorganis- men
verursachten Krankheiten. Absch- ließend werden einige neue
Konzepte über
Propolis und seine Anwendung in der Medi- zin dargelegt. Propolis / Phenole / antimikrobielle Aktiv- ität / Toxizität / therapeutische Aktivität
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