Qarshi davlat universiteti roman-german filologiyasi fakulteti lingvistika kafedrasi

2. Adverbs related to adjectives 
Most 
adverbs 
in 
English 
are 
related 
to 
adjectives; 
for 
example 
high
(adjective)
and 
highly
(adverb). 
Adjectives 
Adverbs 
Qualifying a noun 
qualifying a verb 
qualifying an adjective 
a 
high 
mountain 
I think 
highly 
of you 
That is 
highly 
improbable 
A 
real 
surprise 
He 
really 
likes you 
You are 
really 
nice. 

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68 
A 
fast 
train 
It went very 
fast
This is a 
fast 
moving situation. 
 
Formation 
of 
adverbs:
As the examples above show, many adverbs are formed by adding the ending 
-ly
to an 
adjective. Adverbs can be formed from many adjectives in this manner; that includes many 
participles. 
Examples:
(adjective / adverb) New / newly, continuous / 
continuously
, recent / 
recently
,
Adjectives ending in 
-
ful
form adverbs ending in 
-
fully
: 
careful / 
carefully
, 
Adjectives 
ending 
in 
-
y
form 
adverbs 
ending 
in 
-ily
: happy 
/ 
happily
, 
Participial 
adjectives 
: 
Surprising / 
surprisingly
, disgusting / 
disgustingly
, decided / 
decidedly
There 
are 
a 
few 
exceptions 
to 
this 
principle: 
3 Comparatives and superlatives: 
Adjective and adverbial forms are also identical when adjectives are in a comparative or 
superlative form – unless this is formed with 
more
or 
most
: 
Examples:
(
adjective
/ 
adverb
) 
better
 / better,
fastest
 / fastest,
more recent
 / more recently
,
Important
: note that 
enough, 
as an adverb of degree, follows the adjective it is qualifying. For 
more 
on 
this 
see 
enough
 
Sentence adverbs
Adverbs qualifying a whole clause or a whole sentence 
Some adverbs can apply (or in some cases only apply) to a whole sentence or statement. 
These can be adverbs formed from adjectives, such as 
consequently, possibly, clearly, 
naturally, obviously, surprisingly, fortunately
,
Run up against (encounter - usually 
a problem) 
We've 
run up against 
a slight problem. 
See someone off (go to station, airport, etc to say goodbye to someone) 
I 
went to the station to 
see them off. 
See through (realise the truth about) 
I saw through 
his intentions at once. 
Send up (make fun of by imitating) 
Jean is always 
sending up 
the French teacher. 
Set about (start working) 
We must 
set about 
re-organising the office. 
We were 
set upon 
by a gang of hooligans. 
Sink in (realise slowly - colloquial, intransitive) 
Slowly the realisation that I had won began to 
sink in. 
Slip up (make a mistake - colloquial) 
Someone 
slipped up 
and my application was lost. 

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69 
Stand in for (take the place of) 
Carol has kindly agreed to 
stand in for 
Graham at the monthly meeting. 
Stand up to (resist, bear stress) 
The engine won't 
stand up to 
the strain. 
Step down (resign - colloquial) 
The Chairman has 
stepped down 
after criticism from shareholders. 
Take off (imitate - colloquial) 
Dave 
takes off 
the Prime Minister really well. 
Take on (acquire a new characteristic) 
My grandmother has 
taken on 
a new lease of life since her operation. 
(do something extra) 
She has 
taken on 
too much with a full-time job as well. 
Take out 
(insurance - 
sign an insurance agreement) 
Ann has 
taken out 
life insurance. 
Let's 
try out 
the new washing machine. 
Turn down (reject an offer) 
Another company offered me a job but I 
turned 
them 
down. 
Turn out (happen to be in the end) 
He 
turned out 
to be an old friend of Helen's. 
(come to a meeting or to form a crowd) 
Thousands of fans 
turned out 
to welcome the team. 
Turn up (be discovered by chance) 
HANDOUT
1. 
Underline the correct word or phrase in each sentence. 
a) Tom asked Jane out, but she 
turned down him/turned him down. 
b) 
In the end/Initially 
I set out to prove that such a voyage was possible. 
c) If he treated me like that I wouldn't stand for 
him/it. 
d) The government should set up 
a committee/a minister 
to sort the matter out. 
e) Both teams stepped up 
the pace/the rate 
in the second half. 
f) The dog didn't take to 
its new owner/liking me. 
g) 
The good news/The prize 
hasn't really sunk in yet. 
 
Lesson plan 21 
Theme: Complex sentence and its types. (Relative Clause)
 
Level: Intermediate
Materials: Blackboard, Projector, laptop, different handouts
Aim: To raise the awareness about 
the Course “Practical Grammar” 
Time: 
80 min 
Prepositions are words that help link either the noun, or the pronoun with another word in the 
sentence in order to describe their relationship. 
The logical assignment is a pretext to service parts of speech, not because of the alleged lack of 
these values, and in their official functions and syntax relations in the sentence. Preposition – 

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70 
it’s such an auxiliary part of speech that expresses the different “slave” relationship nouns to 
other words in phrases and sentences 
Grammatical prepositions perform the functions as former case inflections of English nouns, 
since flexion lost their semantic functions. Prepositions pass ratio toiletries (rare possession), 
instrumentality, destination activities and others. In this function are the prepositions