participle (
a 'burning 'house ), the second being the main stress, while in the pattern with the
gerund only the first (gerundial) element is stressed (
a ' dancing hall ); if there are two stresses,
the first component has the main stress, as in
a 'speaking 'habit, a 'writing 'career. 2) Participle I as
adverbial modifier of reason can be expressed by all the four forms. The most
frequently used non-perfect participles I are those of verbs denoting mental perception and
emotions, for example,
knowing, realizing, remembering, expecting, hoping, fearing ; also the
participles
being and
having. Hoping to catch the train , we took a taxi.
He’s very conceited, you know,
having parades and things all the time. Having decided on this course of action some time ago , I was unable to stay at home.
Another characteristic feature of participles functioning as adverbials of reason consists in their
combinability with negation (no matter what it is expressed by).
I turned back,
not knowing where to go. Verbs normally followed by infinitive with to Verbs marked * can also be followed by
that + clause.
*agree
*appear
*arrange
attempt
ask
choose
dare
*decide
34
*demand
deserve
*expect
fail
grow
hasten
*happen
*hope
hurry
*learn
Appear, (so) happen and
seem are only used impersonally with
that + clause.
It appears that I've made a mistake. It
