Qarshi davlat universiteti roman-german filologiyasi fakulteti lingvistika kafedrasi

 
 
 
Handout 3 Put each verb in brackets into a suitable past verb form 
 

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Lesson plan 4 
Theme: Parts of sentences: Primary parts of sentences.Subject and Predicate.
 
Level: Intermediate
Materials: Blackboard, Projector, laptop, different handouts
Aim: To raise the awareness about 
the Course “Practical Grammar” 
Time: 
80 min 
The words of language are divided into grammatically relevant sets or classes. The 
traditional grammatical classes or words are called «parts of speech». 
Words on the upper level of classification are divided into notional and functional. 
To the notional parts of speech of the English language belong the noun, the adjective, the 
numeral, the pronoun, the verb, the adverb. 
The features of the noun are the following: 1) the categorial meaning of substance («thingness»); 
2) the changeable forms of number and case; the specific suffixal forms of derivation (prefixes in 
English do not discriminate parts of speech as such); 3)the substantive functions in the sentence 
(subject, object, substantival predicative); prepositional connections; modification by an 
adjective. 

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The features of the adjective: 1) the categorial meaning of property (qualitative and relative); 2) 
the forms of the de-of comparison (for qualitative adjectives); the specific lorms of derivation; 3) 
adjectival functions in the «Sentence (attribute to a noun, adjectival predicative). 
The features of the numeral: 1) the categorial meaning of ‘number (cardinal and ordinal); 2) the 
narrow set of simple numerals; the specific forms of composition for compound numerals; the 
specific suffixal forms of derivation for ordinal numerals; 3) the functions of numerical 
aitributeand numerical substantive. 
The features of the pronoun: I) the categorial meaning of indication (deixis); 2) the narrow sets 
of various status with the corresponding formal properties of categorial changeability and word-
building; 3) the substantival and adjectival functions for different sets. 
The features of the verb: 1) the categorial meaning of process (presented in the two upper series 
of forms, respectively, as finite process and non-finite process); 2) the forms of the verbal 
categories of person, number, tense, aspect, voice, mood; the opposition of the finite and non-
finite forms; 3) the function of the finite predicate for the finite verb; the mixed verbal — other 
than verbal functions for the non-(inite verb. 
The article expresses the specific limitation of the substantive functions. 
The preposition expresses the dependencies and interdependences of substantive referents. 
The conjunction expresses connections of phenomena. 
The particle unites the functional words of specifying and limiting meaning. To this series, 
alongside of other specifying words, should be referred verbal postpositions as functional 
modifiers of verbs, etc. 
The modal word, occupying in the sentence a more pronounced or less pronounced detached 
position, expresses the attitude of the speaker to the reflected situation and its parts. Here belong 
the functional words of probability (probably, perhaps, etc.), of qualitative evaluation 
(fortunately, unfortunately, luckily, etc.), and also of affirmation and negation. 
The interjection, occupying a detached position in the sentence, is a signal of emotions. 
Nouns are subcategorized into proper and common, animate and inanimate, countable and 
uncountable, concrete and abstract, etc. Cf.: 
Mary, Robinson, London, the Mississippi, Lake Erie — girl, person, city, river, lake; 
man, scholar, leopard, butterfly — earth, field, rose, machine; 
coin/coins, floor/floors, kind/kinds — news, growth, water, furniture; 
stone, grain, mist, leaf — honesty, love, slavery, darkness. 
Verbs are subcategorized into fully predicative and partially predicative, transitive and 
intransitive, actional and statal, factive and evaluative, etc. Cf.: 
walk, sail, prepare, shine, blow — can, may, shall, be, become; 
take, put, speak, listen, see, give — live, float, stay, ache, ripen, rain; 

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healthy, sickly, joyful, grievous, wry, blazing — well, ill, glad, sorry, awry, ablaze; 
tall, heavy, smooth, mental, native — kind, brave, wonderful, wise, stupid. 
The adverb, the numeral, the pronoun are also subject to the corresponding subcategorizations.