The morphological and syntactical features of english verbs

THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTICAL FEATURES OF ENGLISH VERBS
Gulnoza Odiljonova and Gulchehra Mamasoliyeva, students of TSPU
Dilafruz Astanova, Scientific supervisor of TSPU
Abstract Verbs are an essential part of the English language. They are words that describe actions, occurrences, or states of being. The study of verbs involves examining their morphology, which refers to their structure and formation, as well as their syntax, which pertains to their position and function within a sentence. In this article, we will explore the morphological and syntactical features of English verbs.
Keywords: Morphology, syntactic, quality of morphology, morpheme, structure of words, syntactic analyzer, inflection, mood, aspect, tense, verb form.

The morphology of a verb refers to its structure and formation. In English, verbs can be inflected to indicate tense, aspect, voice, and mood. Inflection involves adding suffixes or changing the form of the verb to convey different meanings. For example, the verb "walk" can be inflected to indicate the past tense by adding "-ed" to form "walked." Tense is a morphological feature that indicates when an action occurred. English has six tenses: present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect. The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening now or are habitual, while the past tense refers to actions that have already occurred. The future tense describes actions that will happen in the future. The present perfect tense indicates that an action started in the past and continues to the present, while the past perfect tense refers to an action that was completed before another action in the past. The future perfect tense describes actions that will be completed at a specific point in the future. Aspect is another morphological feature that describes the duration or completion of an action. English has two aspects: progressive and perfect. The progressive aspect indicates that an action is ongoing, while the perfect aspect indicates that an action has been completed. These aspects are often combined with tense to create more nuanced meanings. For example, the present progressive tense indicates that an action is ongoing in the present, while the present perfect progressive tense indicates that an action started in the past and is ongoing in the present. Voice is a morphological feature that describes the relationship between the subject and the action of the verb. English has two voices: active and passive. In the active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb, while in the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb. For example, "The cat chased the mouse" is in the active voice, while "The mouse was chased by the cat" is in the passive voice. Mood is a morphological feature that describes the speaker's attitude or intention in relation to the action of the verb. English has three moods: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive. The indicative mood is used to make statements or ask questions. The imperative mood is used to give commands or make requests. The subjunctive mood is used to express hypothetical or unreal situations.

The syntax of a verb refers to its position and function within a sentence. In English, verbs can function as main verbs or auxiliary verbs. Main verbs are the primary verbs in a sentence and carry the meaning of the sentence. Auxiliary verbs are used in conjunction with main verbs to create different tenses, aspects, voices, and moods. The position of the verb within a sentence can also affect its meaning. In English, the default word order is subject-verb-object (SVO), but this can be altered for emphasis or clarity. For example, "The cat chased the mouse" is in the SVO order, but "The mouse was chased by the cat" is in the passive voice and has a different word order (object-verb-subject). Verbs can also be used in different sentence structures, such as simple sentences, compound sentences, and complex sentences. In a simple sentence, there is only one independent clause, which contains a subject and a verb. In a compound sentence, there are two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, such as "and," "but," or "or." In a complex sentence, there is one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone as sentences.
In conclusion, English verbs have a range of morphological and syntactical features that allow for the expression of different tenses, aspects, voices, and moods. The study of these features is essential for understanding how verbs function within sentences and how they convey meaning. By mastering the morphology and syntax of English verbs, speakers can communicate more effectively and express themselves with greater precision.

References
Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Leech, G. (2002). Longman student grammar of spoken and written English. Pearson Education.
Huddleston, R., & Pullum, G. K. (2002). The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge University Press.
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of theEnglish language. Longman.