The Australasian Paediatric Endocrinology Group (APEG 2011) ‘National Evidence-Based Clinical Care Guidelines for Type 1 Diabetes in Children, Adolescents and Adults’ can be found here: www.apeg.org.au/portals/0/guidelines1.pdf.
International Diabetes Federation (IDF) / International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD)
The IDF/ISPAD (2011) ‘Global Guidance for Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence’ can be found here: www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Diabetes-in-Childhood-and-Adolescence-Guidelines.pdf.
The guidelines are presented as a series of chapters addressing the following:
1. Definition, epidemiology and classification
2. Phases of type 1 diabetes
3. Type 2 diabetes
4. Monogenic diabetes
5. Diabetes education
6. Structures, processes and outcomes of ambulatory diabetes care
7. Assessment and monitoring of glycaemic control
8. Insulin treatment
9. Nutritional management
10. Diabetic ketoacidosis
11. Assessment and monitoring of hypoglycaemia
12. Sick day management
13. Exercise
14. Management of children requiring surgery
15. Psychological care
16. Diabetes in adolescence
17. Microvascular and macrovascular complications
18. Other complications and associated conditions
The 2011 Australian Clinical Management Guidelines for people with type 1 diabetes provides specific information for the management of children and adolescents: www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/ext004_type1_diabetes_children_adolescents_adults.pdf.
A summary of the guidelines for children with type 1 is provided by Hatherly et al (2011, pp 379–80) as follows: ‘Care should be delivered, at least 3–4 times annually, by a specialist multidisciplinary paediatric team, including paediatric endocrinologists or physicians, diabetes educators (diabetes nurse specialists in the New Zealand context), paediatric dieticians, a social worker and/or psychologist. With respect to glycaemic control, the guidelines recommend that all children (aged six years and over) aim to achieve an HbA1c <58 mmol/mol, without an increase in hypoglycaemia, and that regular screening for diabetes related complications is performed’.
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