Quality Standards for Diabetes Care Toolkit

Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ): A fact sheet about staying active for children with type 2 has been developed by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and is available at: http://ndep.nih.gov/media/tips-kids-be-active.pdf.
International Diabetes Federation (IDF): Recommendations for standard and comprehensive adolescent care are provided by the IDF on pages 112-113 of their guidelines: www.idf.org/sites/default/files/Diabetes-in-Childhood-and-Adolescence-Guidelines.pdf. These address the roles of an interdisciplinary paediatric diabetes team, education, knowledge required by the team, education to be provided to the adolescent, and topics for discussion and advice.
A New Zealand site for adolescents with depression, including a quick self-check test, can be found at the lowdown: www.thelowdown.co.nz/#/home/.
A shortened version of the Self Efficacy in Diabetes Management (SEDM), designed for children with type 1, was developed by Iannotti et al (2006). From a study of 168 10–16 year olds, the authors concluded that ‘self-efficacy and the interaction of self-efficacy with expectations of positive outcomes were significantly associated with diabetes self-management adherence and glycemic control in older adolescents. The effect of self-efficacy was greatest when adolescents had stronger beliefs in the beneficial outcomes of adherence. These brief measures can be used to identify youths at risk of poor diabetes self-management’ (p 98).
The measure has since been used in diabetes research with an adolescent population. Items for the self-efficacy measure are answered on a scale ranging from 1 (not sure at all) to 10 (completely sure) and follow the stem ‘how sure are you that you can do each of the following almost all the time?’

Adjust your insulin correctly when you eat more or less than usual.

Choose healthful foods when you go out to eat.

Exercise even when you don’t really feel like it.

Adjust your insulin or food accurately based on how much exercise you get.

Talk to your doctor or nurse about any problems you’re having with taking care of your diabetes.

Do your blood sugar checks even when you are really busy.

Manage your diabetes the way your health care team wants you to.

Manage your diabetes even when you feel overwhelmed.

Find ways to deal with feeling frustrated about your diabetes.

Identify things that could get in the way of managing your diabetes.