Quantum Computing: How to Address the National Security Risk

Post-quantum cryptography, often referred to as quantum-resistant algorithms, 

refers to cryptographic algorithms (usually public-key algorithms) that are thought to 

be secure against an attack by a quantum computer.  

Quantum computing uses quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition 

and entanglement to perform operations on data.  

Quantum cryptography, often referred to as quantum communication networks, 

uses principles of quantum physics, as opposed to mathematical algorithms, to 

generate and distribute encryption keys used to safeguard the transmission of data 

over unprotected networks. Quantum cryptography often uses quantum key 

distribution.